Tomahl Cook vs Nj free essay sample

State v. Tomahl Cook The case of Tomahl Cook vs. The State of New Jersey was a very grusome study in the tragedy of Katrina Suhan. Katrina was murdered February 14, 1998 in Old Bridge, New Jersey. She was only 15 years when she was brutally murdered by a cold-hearted ruthless murderer. Katrinas life was taken away from her at such a young age due to a sick human being. The experience of driving by where Katrina lived, where she was abducted, and where she was murdered was very moving. I found it very interesting to follow the trail of a murder as if I was on the case myself. The street where Katrina was abducted is a pretty busy street which is North Stevens St. in South Amboy. I could envision it at night how it could be an eerie place to be walking alone. As to why Katrinas friend Katherine and her parents let her walk home alone, baffles me to this point. We will write a custom essay sample on Tomahl Cook vs Nj or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The walk from Katherine’s house to Katrina’s apartment was a pretty far distance. When I drove by car from house to house, it took me approximately fifteen minutes. A fifteen minute car drive is about a fourty-five minute walk. Katherine’s parents should have never let Katrina out of the house at night to do that walk alone. Katrina insisted that she would be fine and would have no problem walking alone. I assumed she felt this way probably because she had lived in the area her whole life and knew it pretty well. A 15 year old girl shouldnt be walking alone in the midst of the night in any town. The abduction of Katrina could have been easily avoided if her friends parents took some responsibility. Driving down the road leading up to the hole in a wall led me to a spooky feeling. I could only imagine if I was walking alone at night into this tunnel with a feeling I would never escape. The next place I went to was the roller rink which was also located off N. Stevens in South Amboy. It is located approximately two miles away from Cardinal McCarrick High School where Katrina attended. I went inside the roller rink to observe the place and to get a feel of it. The place had an old fashioned feel to it with lights flashing and music playing. It almost felt as if I was back in the seventies. Looking from the outside at the building it doesn’t look like much as the building is very plainly painted white. Katrina and Katherine attended Roller Magic roller rink the night she was murdered for a Valentine’s Day party. Katrina loved to roller blade and often attended the roller rink regularly. Tomahl Cook has been there before and had observed Katrina was there and kept an eye on her. Katrina had no idea who Cook was, nor did she think he would cause any threat to her life. On the night of the Valentine’s Day party, Tomahl was present and was destined to find love with a girl. While he was there he spotted Katrina and had the urge for her to be his mistress for the night. This is when things took a turn for the worse instantly as Katrina had no clue what was coming to her this night. Inevitably, Cook abducted Katrina later that night when she was walking home from Katherine’s house. She was abducted in front of her high school. This is the next place I would visit on my journey through this case. Saint Mary’s is pretty big high school relatively in size. The school is located on Steven’s Avenue across the street from the church. This area during the day was extremely busy as Steven’s Avenue is a main street in South Amboy. There are plenty of houses in the surrounding area along with businesses. From the case study, when Katrina was abducted she gave out a scream which certainly anyone in the proximity of the area would hear. Cook acted fast and kidnapped Katrina and was off with her before anyone could see what had happened. People who lived in the neighboring houses heard the scream, but when they went outside they saw nothing suspicious. At this point it was too late and Tomahl was on a mission to make Katrina his for the night. Next I went to Katrina’s apartment where she lived with her parents which was located off Feltus Street in South Amboy. The area has been renovated with new townhouses surrounding her apartment building. The neighborhood seemed to be a nice area from how it looks now. Katrina had a very long walk that night to reach her destination. Unfortunately she would never make it back to her house the evening of Valentine’s Day. Instead she was brutally murdered and left to die in a field behind a bowling alley where now lies the Home Depot in Sayerville. Her body was found by people who were riding atv’s behind the bowling alley in a wooded area. Her skull was fractured as she suffered blunt force trauma which induced her death. The Home Depot was sincere enough to leave a space where a memorial lies for Katrina where her body was found. The memorial is a nice area where an engraved stone has Katrina’s information and the usual information a tombstone would read. Overall I found it to be a very interesting experience to go through the steps of the murder case. I could almost put myself in Katrina’s shoes that night when her life was tragically ended unfortunately. Tomahl Cook is serving a life sentence in prison which he absolutely deserves, but none the less I think he should have got the death penalty. I feel if any human being abducts somebody and murders them should have their own life taken away from them. I think this is the proper way justice should be served. A poor innocent girl on February 14. 1998 was murdered in such a painful matter for the purpose of sexual intent from a cruel and ruthless man. There are many ways this murder could have been prevented but unfortunately events like this, pave the way for future knowledge as we know today. We learn from these events which took place and adapt to them our lives presently.

Judging a Music Genre by Its Cover Essay Example

Judging a Music Genre by Its Cover Essay Judging someone or something, good or bad, is a natural habit we all have. Malcolm Gladwell says â€Å"The ability of our unconscious to find patterns in situations and behavior based on very narrow slices of experiences† (23). This sentence explains the theory of â€Å"thin-slicing† which are the snap judgments we make is and small amount of time. They are a part of the unconscious mind, which is the automatic response process we have when it comes to memory, motivation, thought process and many other. (Gladwell 21 ). You may never even recognize that some of the things you do, but just because that habit comes to you so naturally you’ll do it in a split second and won’t think twice about it. In this paper I want to discuss the one of the various ways we can thin-slice a certain genre of music based on what you already know about it. Im not doing it just to show you how exactly thin-slicing works but also to show how at times it necessarily doesnt work. H ow you can absolutely hate something, for in this instance rap, just because of the popular icons that come to mind but at the same time you can actually still like rap. This may sound confusing but once you give it a chance and flip a couple pages you might find something you really enjoy. Music is something that has been around as longs people have been on this planet and has been a big part of many lives. From its beginning to now different ways to make a beat and they way you sing a song. New artist come up a lot and change the way you view that genre and there are artist that stay with the basic ways of how that genre was all about. When a certain genre of music is said we get an idea in our head of a popular artist and what kind of music they are associated with. If I were to ask you, â€Å"what is country music like?† Most people who listen would probably say that it’s peaceful, relaxing, or maybe comforting. Then I could ask well, â€Å"what kind of people listen to heav We will write a custom essay sample on Judging a Music Genre by Its Cover specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Judging a Music Genre by Its Cover specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Judging a Music Genre by Its Cover specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Suicide in the Trenches by Siegfried Sassoon and Green Beret by Ho Thien Essays

Suicide in the Trenches by Siegfried Sassoon and Green Beret by Ho Thien Essays Suicide in the Trenches by Siegfried Sassoon and Green Beret by Ho Thien Paper Suicide in the Trenches by Siegfried Sassoon and Green Beret by Ho Thien Paper Essay Topic: Literature Both these poems are based around the theme of war, however they are set in different periods of time. Suicide in the Trenches deals with the stresses that war can inflict and how tragic it can sometimes be. It focuses on the life and death of a soldier boy. Throughout the poem the poet emphasises the simplicity of the boy. The poem has a simple layout and rhyme scheme, Sassoon is probably trying to suggest the simplicity of the soldier boy and how simple the life of a soldier in the trenches would have been. Green Beret is more recent and is based on the Vietnamese war. It tells the story of a Vietnamese boy who is being threatened with the death of his father to give information about the Vietnamese people. Throughout the poem the poet suggests how the brutal actions of the soldiers only seem to make the resistance force greater. Both of these poems differ from each other but they both show the tragedies involved in war. The poets in both poems use different methods to show their ideas. In Suicide in the Trenches the poem is structured in quatrains and the poems layout is very simple. I think that Sassoon used the quatrains and a simple layout to emphasise the simplicity of the simple soldier boy. I also think that he may have used this layout to imitate the life of a soldier, as soldiers are thought to be orderly and neat. Sassoon uses a title which prepares us for a poem containing grown up men, however, when we read the first line we get the image of a young boy. This shows us that the young boys involved found the war it so dreadful that some even took extreme measures to get away from it. In contrast, Thien uses a narrative approach and relates to events in order as though it was a story. The first long stanza focuses on what happened and the last short stanza focuses on how the resistant forces werent defeated, suggesting how brave the boy was for keeping quiet. I think that Thien finally revealed the silence of the boy so that the reader remained intrigued in the poem and it kept up the suspense. Green Beret is in free verse and both stanzas are unevenly spread. I think that this is because Ho Thien wants us to know that the Green Beret soldiers may be unfair and that the boy and the Vietnamese people are very much in charge of their own decisions and that they wont give information away about their people, no matter what consequences are involved. At the end of the poem Thien even compares the Vietnamese people to fierce animals, like tigers across the High Plateau. I think that Thien uses tigers so that we get the impression that the Vietnamese are like predators and that they are quiet when the move making it very hard for the Americans to find or detect them. The lengths of the poems also vary dramatically. Green Beret is rather long, which is probably because the poet wants us to know that the war went on for a long time and that it may have been very awkward for the Americans to get information. In the second stanza we get the impression that the brutal actions by the American forces only makes the resistant forces stronger and when the poet mentions wall of steel we can imagine how strong the resistant forces must be. Whereas, when we look at Suicide in the Trenches we can see that its much shorter indicating that suicide was part of life in the trenches. It also gives us the impression that the soldiers would have got over these tragedies quickly and that suicide was part of everyday life. The rhyme scheme and rhythm are significantly different when we compare both poems. In Suicide in the Trenches the rhyme scheme is rather straightforward; aabbcc (This again shows the simplicity of the soldier boy. ) The rhythm functions to make the poem easy to read and remember. However, when we reach lines seven and eight, the rhythm changes; He put a bullet through his brain. No one spoke of him again. I think the poet used these two lines to emphasise the brutality and the harsh reality of war. I also think it shows how desperate war really was. In both poems the poets use the language differently. In Green Beret Thien gives a sense of realism by adding dialogue, it also gives a true sense of how Green Beret spoke. When he commands kill the old guy in front of the boy we see how heartless and unsympathetic that Green Beret really is. The poet describes the boy as frail and slight, this shows that the boy may be quite malnourished and that he may be rather vulnerable. At the end of the poem Thien describes the Vietnamese army as tigers. He probably used this particular word as tigers are a sneaky and strong type of an animal and perhaps he wanted the reader to know that they are strong and quite a formidable force. Thien also uses repetition like eyes. I think that he uses eyes so much through the poem as eyes can show a persons emotions very effectively. When we find out that the boy has the eyes of a hurt animal, we take the boys side and we feel sympathetic towards him. When we look at Thiens choice of verbs they really stand out and put a strong image in the readers head. Thien uses verbs like commanded and roared, I think that Thien used these verbs as they show the brutality of Green Beret and that he is rather ruthless. In the poem Green Beret speaks to the boy in broken English, tell us where or we kill father. I think this is to show that Green Beret thought that the boy was stupid or inferior and by communicating to him this way he would understand what he is saying. By way of contrast, when we study the language used by Sassoon there are no similes, metaphors and very few adjectives used. I think that Sassoon used this technique as war is already brutal and by using very few of these words is presents war as it is and how desperate it was. I think that both of these poems were written for a wide audience; children to adults and they are to show the true horrors of the war. Green Beret was to show the things going on during the Vietnam War, and it almost exalts the Vietnamese people and shows that they werent so weak after all. As we see that the little boy is willing to let his father be killed for the people of his country. On the other hand, Suicide in the Trenches outlines how horrific war can be and it shows that war is fought mentally as well as physically. In conclusion, both of the two poems have a lot of differences but they are still very alike each other as they both still portray the harsh brutality of war. But the two poets have used different techniques and methods to present their ideas and they have the same sadness in their tone. I think that both poets have been very effective with the techniques used as both poems contain a lot of strong emotions. I personally preferred Green Beret as I thought it gave a convincing insight into the war and it showed how brutal it was. It also showed how one small boy could save all his people and how mentally strong he was. Although I thought that Suicide in the Trenches was more effective as it portrayed a lot of emotion and it gave a much different view on war and showed the different mental stresses it contained and how desperate war really was and is.

Critical Thinking Memo

Critical Thinking Memo Abstract This is a memo from Ms. Mary Ford to Mr. Hector Fuentes. In this essay, this memo has been analyzed following the steps of critical thinking outlined in various books that have been read. Mary’s letter considers these steps in relation to the issue in question.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Critical Thinking Memo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She rejects the governor’s offer of privatizing the management function of the DMV information systems of the state, and says that the plight of the workers should have been considered. Introduction Critical thinking helps people extricate from difficult situations. A critical thinker will not make his/her decisions abruptly, and s/he will reason them to come up with the best decision. S/he will weigh all the options available so as to defend the decision made. A critical thinker is well aware of all the constraints and barriers in critical decis ion making and will still overcome them. S/he must follow some steps so as to arrive to a conclusive and viable decision. These steps will guide this person in making choices that will not only assist him in the future, but are backed by enough evidence that will convince people that one has considered a lot of things before settling to a decision (Browne Keeley, 2010). This will make this person seem genuine to people as they will trust this individual in areas where intricate judgments are to be made. The Issue under the Question The governor, Gloria Gainor, wants to privatize the function of the information systems management in the Motor Vehicles department. This means that the employees in this department have to be outsourced.Advertising Looking for assessment on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The governor, Gloria Gainor, promises to ensure that the outsourced personnel are given the similar jobs in other departments. The governor justifies this move by claiming that it saves the state some $250,000 on an annual basis. However, the APEU director of human resource, Ms. Mary Ford, is against this move. Her view is that this move is disastrous to the employees of the department. She advises the chairman to reject this move and gives some valid reasons for the rejection of the offer made by the governor. Ms. Mary Ford is very firm on her decision and feels that the move to privatize the information systems management function would affect the whole state. In a nutshell, Ms. Ford advises the chairman to reject any sentiments about outsourcing that are advocated by the senator. Ms. Mary Ford’s Reasons for Rejecting This Move There are very many things that drive Ms. Ford to reject the move by the governor. She has some very authentic and valid reasons that clearly define her view. The first reason that Ms. Ford gives is that the move by the governor is an assault to the union . The members of the union in this department will be disadvantaged since the powers of the union are to be reduced. Mary Ford clarifies that this privatization attracts foreign binders, and these binders may even accept wages that are lower than the wages given to the union members. This will set a platform which the government will use to lower the wages of the people working in this department. Therefore, in the future, people who work in this department will receive little pay as compared to the wages they receive now. Mary clarifies that instead of raising the wages of the union members, the salary would decrease (if the contract were given to a foreign binder) (Stanley, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Critical Thinking Memo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to this, Mary claims that agreeing to the governor’s terms makes it appear that the union of this department is controlled by the management. She feels that the move to privatize the information systems management function is also applied to other departments, and this department is just a stepping stone towards other departments. The above reason is valid since the governor could use this department as a test group towards privatizing other departments. Therefore, the governor should directly deal with the union to ensure that its members understand the implications of this move. Better still, the governor can initiate a democratic move that sees all the members of the union participating in making the decision on whether they (members of the union) should be outsourced or not. The next objection that Ms. Mary Ford makes regarding this outsourcing is to do with the inconveniences brought about by this process. Ms. Ford observes that many people working in this department have the skills necessary to work there. However, these people should enhance their skills in order to be able to work in other departm ents. Their training should be time consuming as it may waste a lot of productive hours for the whole state (Browne Keeley, 2010). These people will be affected a lot by this change in their working environment, and they may become less productive than they were at their past workplace.Advertising Looking for assessment on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mary Ford also observes that there are some members of the union who are much advanced in years, and they may find it hard to fit in other departments, so they should get other form of employment. The move by the governor to outsource these people means that some of the people affected may become unemployed. The union should respect and cater for the needs and the wellbeing of all its members (Mark, 2006). Therefore, the union should reject any move that is likely to disadvantage some of its members. In fact, a union is formed to protect its members. Dismissing these people may affect them as they may become frustrated and discouraged to find a new job in future. The director of APEU human resources also questions the governor’s offer to employees who are to be displaced. The director feels that there is no guarantee that this step is justified, and this makes her firm in her decision to reject the move to outsource the department. She questions the availability and presence of the similar positions given to these people. The governor just considers those positions as vacancies that may appear, but she does not assure that they will arise. The governor does also not also give the frequency of the rising of new positions. This means that people will be unemployed and unaware whether they may get a job in a day, a week, a year or even they might never get the one at all; unless a vacancy arises, then there will be no job for anyone (Stanley, 2009)! Therefore, Mary Ford is justified to question the authenticity of the governor’s offer for vacancies as they arise. Ms. Ford also feels that the control of the information systems should not be given to strangers. The information disseminated to the people may be compromised, and this may affect all the people in the state. Therefore, this department should be run by people from the state since they understand the state affairs better than the others. Additionally, these people will also be affected by a ny misinformation in the department, so they work to ensure that the information given to the public is precise and advances the good of everyone in the state. Therefore, this is a clear reason as to why the move by the governor should be rejected. Ambiguous Phrases and Words in the Memo The governor’s letter, as summarized by Ms. Ford, contains some ambiguous words and phrases. First, the governor writes that members displaced in the privatization process are to be given similar positions as vacancies arise. This statement is ambiguous in that the governor does not make it clear when these vacancies will arise. This gap is left to speculation, and a person can fill it in as he/she deems right. This part presents Ms. Mary Ford a chance to attack against the governor as it is needed to specify how the transition of employees from their current job to the next should take place. Probably, this would have altered the response given by the director of human resources. Mary Ford a lso uses an ambiguous phrase in the letter. On th one hand, she says that the move by the governor is anti-American. Therefore, a person is forced to pose a question on what can be considered as American and what is not. In this context, some people can interpret this in terms of the American Labor laws, but in other contexts, this statement can be interpreted otherwise. In fact, this term can be a super ordinate term for a lot of things. Value and Descriptive Assumptions There are the assumptions which a person makes based on the observation on another person (Andolina, 2001). In this memo, Mary refers to Governor Gloria as a bully. She is doing this partly because she knows the governor, and partly because the governor has come up with the proposal to outsource the department. She considers the fact that the governor has overlooked many things in coming up with this decision. She also feels that the union members will be forced to learn new skills in their new jobs, and this will have a psychological toll on them. This is, probably, another reason that makes Mary refer to the governor as a bully. Fallacies in the Reasoning Fallacies are the errors that are found in the conclusive reasoning of people or a group of people (Corcoran, 2010). In this letter, the governor has some fallacious thinking in that she does not take the plight of the people in consideration. Rather, she focuses only on the economic move that should be made by the state. However, if this move is to be implemented, the state will save some money, but the people will suffer. The state should ensure that all its citizens are comfortable, but in this move by the senator, the comfort and satisfaction of the people are compromised. Ms. Ford also displays some fallacious reasoning in her letter to the chairman. She questions the authenticity of the company that might be given the task of managing the communication systems. She says that the company provides marginal and questionable efficiencies in running government operations. However, no company (then) has been given this task, and Mary Ford is just lingering on speculation of what might happen. She makes this appear as the reality, but she is just trying to win the confidence of the chairman in believing in her. Valid Evidence Ms. Mary Ford is very passionate in her rejection of any move that may make the communication department privatized. She gives very good and valid reasons as to why she is objecting the move. First, Mary Ford has a very sharp intuition about what is likely to happen. She examines different perspectives of the issues and offers the best advice based on her intuition. She foresees the possibility of a foreign company taking over the department, and she sees the danger associated with this; the company could ask for a pay less than the one offered to the current employees, and this may not be good for the other employees because their wages might be reduced (Shaw, 2010). Mary also argues using a per sonal experience with such a move. She talks of her brother in law who had been downsized and did not get employed again. She says that this may happen to the employees if the proposal of the governor succeeds. The brother in law to the author of this letter says that the management uses the excuse of rehiring the union’s members to gain its trust. Once the deal goes through, the promise to the union is forgotten (Scriven, 2001). Mary also appeals to the authority to advance her argument. She knows that the chairman is a person who is in a position of power, and she uses this to benefit. She also knows that the chairman is running for re-election, and she makes it known to him that rejecting the governor’s move may lay a good basis for his re-election. She tells him that the members of the union are ready to re-elect him once he rejects the offer of the governor. She also clarifies that the chairman can avert any inconveniences that could be brought about by this move. Rival Causes The director of human resource rejects the governor’s offer because it would affect the members of the union negatively. This is because the move will jeopardize the working conditions of the members of the union, and it will also render some union members jobless. Therefore, Mary Ford takes these factors into consideration and concludes that the move to privatize the department should be rejected. In this memo, the director of human resource does not include any statistics. Her arguments entail the plight of the members of the union. She talks of the awful things that may be the resultant of the acceptance of the governor’s proposal. The director of human resource seems to tell the chairman that the governor’s proposal will make people unemployed, just as it did to her brother in law. Significant Information that is omitted This memo has some things that are omitted. For instance, the director has omitted the information regarding the reaction of the union members towards this issue. The union members and the union representatives have not expressed their opinion, and this has been overlooked. All parties that are affected should be consulted; doing this will assist in coming up with the best decision (Swamy, 2005). Giving these people a chance to air their views will help come up with a harmonized decision acceptable to all. Conclusion Ms. Mary Ford, the APEU Director of Human Resources, has all the reasons to reject the proposal by the governor. This is because she focuses on the plight of the union members and the implication of the move to privatize the management function of the state’s DMV information systems. The reasons and evidences given are valid, and the governor’s proposal should not be considered. Though such a strategy may help the state save some money, this will make a lot of citizens unemployed. References Andolina, M. (2001). Practical Guide to Critical Thinking. New York: Cengage Learning. B rowne, M. Keeley, S. (2010). Asking the right questions: A guide to critical thinking (9th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Corcoran, P. (2010). Good decision making. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University. Mark, D. (2006). A Field Guide to Good Decisions: Values in Action. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Scriven, M. (2001). Critical Thinking: Its Definition and Assessment. Pennsylvania: Edge press. Shaw, P. (2010). Making Difficult Decisions: How to be decisive and get the business done. New York: John Wiley Sons. Stanley, T. (2009). Critical Thinking and Formative Assessments: Increasing the Rigor in Your Classroom Eye on Education. New York: Cengage Printing. Swamy, S. (2005) Management Strategies For Developing Critical Thinking Skills. London: Anmol Publications.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Case Study - Essay Example In this session we would be reviewing the leadership skills displayed by Navy commander D. Michael Abrashoff, in order to define and learn different theories of leadership. This review would be well backed by the statement of impact of these theories on the work force relating them to the leadership model of Navy commander D. Michael Abrashoff who captioned the three hundred highly skilled sailors of USS Benfold. This case study was selected, as the leadership skills which are being reviewed would fit into the improvisation methodology of any management scenario. The trait theory suggests that there are some identifiable qualities or characteristics that should be possessed by the leaders and the degree of efficacy of a leader would be directly proportional to the extent of these qualities or characteristics held by them. Some of the qualities which fall under the trait theory are as following A leader should be able to understand the context and content of his designation and assigned responsibilities. The dynamics of internal and external environmental variables which would affect the activities of the enterprise should be grasped well by the leader. It also implies to the technical competence and sound general education of the leader. The leadership quality of intelligence was reflected a number of times in the leadership model set by D. Michael Abrashoff while captioning the three hundred highly skilled sailors of USS Benfold, the U.S. Navys warship. His technical competence was proved as he had an excellent service record, combat experience, and had held prestigious posts in Washington, DC. Moreover his technical expertise had provided Benfold the reputation of being the best ship in the Pacific fleet. He could analyze the smartness and talent of his crew within no time and he viewed the internal and external environmental variables through the eyes of the crew. It was his ability to grasp the work situation realities,

Differences between a persons head size and their intelligence Assignment

Differences between a persons head size and their intelligence - Assignment Example The researcher states that one of the primary assertions of Broca’s research is that ‘eminent’ men have significantly greater brain size than their ‘mediocre’ counterparts. The elucidation of the claim with data on Bostonian criminals from differing vocations articulated Broca’s argument that a person’s intelligence had a direct relation to the person’s brain size. Data on brain sizes with factorial categorizations on vocational backgrounds of the persons under study gave the impression that brain size and intelligence bear a relationship. The observation stirred considerable interest among researchers, who sought to establish how the human intelligence researchers had successfully pushed the possibility to the periphery in favor of intelligence tests. However, statistical tools, and in particular one-way ANOVA, which is a handy statistical tool for comparison of means and determining interrelations between data values, the data m ight lead to a different conclusion. Through tentative statistical analysis on the data purporting to illustrate Broca’s claim of brain correlation to intelligence, a number of importance issues come to notice. Firstly, what the researcher labels as standard deviation is in fact standard error, which are two different terms, and have differing impacts on the test of hypothesis for Broca’s argument. Secondly, it becomes apparent that there was omission of some groups from the final data, which may completely reverse the findings of the study. (Gould, 1981). Finally, the listing of the data items suggests suspicious agenda, as it might very well lead a statistical analysis to lead to the acceptance of a contrary

Analysis of Sustainable Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Sustainable Development - Assignment Example With modern cities being developed on a daily basis, natural factors need to be protected. It is for this reason sustainable development was established (Dearden & Bruce, 2005). Urbanization is the development of urban areas to more advanced infrastructure to suit the existence of human life. Urbanization is mostly influenced by rural-urban migration which has been on the increases in modern years. Urbanization is characterized by huge population to both major and minor cities around the world. With the huge population, the development of these cities has become the major priority in order to make life in these cities comfortable to humans. However, different from sustainable development, urbanization is not environment cautious as technological advancement is its first priority. According to Dearden & Bruce (2005), urbanization only aim is to advance cities and suburbs to suit human existence. Urbanization comes with a lot of problems, especially environmental problems. In the moder n century, many conferences have been convened to address global warming. Global warming is a major factor that comes with urbanization. In urban cities, pollution is a common factor. Pollution from factories and vehicles cause global warming. Urbanization has also led to congestion of urban cities. In sustainable development, there are policies which ensure this type of development is successful. ... With sustainable development problems caused by urbanization can be easily solved. For instance, sustainable development is against emission of waste from factories. In sustainable development, there is the sensitization on recycling waste rather than emission. Additionally, sustainable development suburbs are developed which reduces the rural-urban migration rates. In this case, there will be less congestion in big cities and the growth rate of a whole country can be standard and effective. Lack of urban space hinders the development of a particular area. In many major cities, the development of new projects requires the destruction of already existing projects which is not appropriate. In a new advancement in terms of development, urban space is very important. This problem hinders the success of the younger generation. The future generation will have to use what was developed in the past. According to Dearden & Bruce (2005), this problem will make the future generation dependent o n already existing infrastructure. The authors further argue that the lack of urban space will be the greatest hindrance to innovation and modern technological advancements. Lack o urban space will also lead to the development of substandard buildings. With more population flocking to urban areas, there is an urgent need for shelter and housing. If these populations lack appropriate space for construction of shelter, they will find the least available location and space to put up sub-standard structures. This scenario is evident in many African nations whereby slums are being put around major cities. These slums hold urban dwellers that live below the daily minimum wage.  Ã‚  

Aircraft Maintenance Cost Management Research Paper

Aircraft Maintenance Cost Management - Research Paper Example Yet, unlike other issues in business, the issue of airline fleet maintenance has several different determinants that ensure it is an extraordinarily costly/expensive process. Within this way, airlines are perennially faced with the issue of how to maximize airline safety, promote existing standards while at the same time, gaining a price advantage over their competitors. Naturally, even as primary air carriers are locked in continual competition with other air carriers, they are looking for each and every opportunity to cut costs and become even slightly more competitive. However, most airlines are extraordinarily hesitant to consider trimming budget from airline maintenance funds; fearing that any incident will draw further analysis and criticism to this tactic and potentially make the air carrier somewhat culpable for whatever issue might have occurred. Accordingly, as with so many issues, there is a middle ground; something between an air carrier seeking to spend an extraordinary sum on air fleet maintenance as compared to an air carrier seeking to cut any and all expenses as a means of promoting its own bottom line. Likewise, the following analysis will focus specifically on some of the determinants of why air fleet maintenance is so exorbitantly expensive as well as put toward some approaches that could potentially reduce the overall time and resources that would be required to address air fleet maintenance needs; while at the same time promoting ethical standards of safety and meeting basic requirements for how air fleet maintenance should be conducted. One of the first determinants for why air fleet maintenance is such a costly endeavor has to do with the variety of different aircrafts that carriers are responsible for flying. Even a cursory review of major air carriers reveals that they fly many different models of aircraft; requiring a litany of different parts that require special procurement and long hours of training

Environmental law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Environmental law - Essay Example One has to hire environmental consultants to do this work. It may also involve the company treating the waste to make it less harmful to the environment and this also come with additional work for the organization. It will also be subject to frequent scrutiny from the authorities to see how they conduct the treatment process and whether they are meeting the required standards. This therefore means in case of discharge to the natural water, the company with have additional work of waste treatment and have to strictly release waste which is considered environmental friendly (Novotny & Brown, 2007). This implies that the regulations with discharging into the natural water have more regulative restrictions which also come with extra costs. Discharging into a sewer system on the other hand has no major impact on the work environment. This is because the sewer company treats the waste and also takes the obligation of looking for the final destination of this waste. In that case, the company does not get into direct contact with environmental protection authorities on waste disposal. This reduces the work that the company would have undertaken and has lesser financial constraints. Novotny, V., & Brown, P. R. (2007). Cities of the future: Towards integrated sustainable water and landscape management : proceedings of an international workshop held July 12-14, 2006 in Wingspread Conference Center, (Racine, WI). London: IWA

Analysis of Women's Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Women's Education - Essay Example After women’s right to education were enacted in America, many of them joined schools to pursue their careers. Among them, Mary Lyon, Miss Catherine Beecher, and Emma Willard become the most outstanding and excellent pioneers in education. This is because they struggled in their respective projects of enhancing girl child education (Slosson, 1921). The three found permanent institutions that offered education to women. It is, therefore, clear that American women are very fortunate for having the three as their leaders. This is because their personalities went far beyond lifting women movement to acquire education. In addition, the three women established academies and school to offer education to the girl child. This provided societal conventions that objected superior education to women in America. On the other hand, Mary Lyon, Miss Catherine Beecher, and Emma Willard opened female seminaries around the country. These seminaries were meant to open their expression and intensi on of collecting information for the female education systems. Moreover, their intensions of opening seminaries were meant to enhance reforms and improve education for girl child in the society. Through these seminars, they examined careers in order to expand women sphere in their studies. Their great effort, therefore, played a major role in reshaping school systems that offer education to women (Slosson, 1921). Emma Willard Emma Willard was born in 1787. She acquired her preliminary education at home through listening to her father’s reading. Later in life she decided to quit her domestic chores and start reading essays and passages. She then enrolled at a district school to pursue her formal education. After years of her study, she began her career of teaching young children in various schools around the country. During her teaching career, she contributed adversely to the progression and improvement of the girl child education. In the school, Willard divided studies into higher and lighter subjects. Higher subjects included history, languages and mathematics while light subjects were drawing and music. She did this in order to challenge the idea that young girl’s education was undermined by education. In addition, she also introduced sciences to the school similar to those that were taught in men colleges. Introduction of mathematics and sciences to the school was meant to address male monopoly to such subjects (Maybrey, 1998). Despite great effort in her career, she never gave up advocating for women’s right to education in the society. Her major rule was to enhance reforms in school systems so as to achieve equality in education. This is because of her belief that women are equal with men academically (Maybrey, 1998). She also published a lot of poems and articles that clearly portrayed her support for women empowerment. Throughout her career as an author and an educator, she drew attention of the disparity that existed between men a nd women regarding their education. She did this by devoting her life to revolutionize women’s education. Catherine Beecher Catherine Beecher is well known for her great contribution in enhancing women’s right to education. She first did this by opening a school that offered quality education to women in society. Like other education pioneers, she developed new teaching skills and evolved her own curriculum. This is

Defining And Understanding Holography Physics Essay

Defining And Understanding Holography Physics Essay Holography,  method  of  obtaining three-dimensional photographic images. These images are obtained without a lens, so the method is also called lensless photography. The records are called holograms (Greek holos, whole; gram, message). The theoretical principles of holography were developed by the British physicist Dennis Gabor in 1947. The first actual production of holograms took place in the early 1960s, when the laser became available. By the late 1980s the production of true-color holograms was possible, as well as holograms ranging from the microwave to the X-ray region of the spectrum. Ultrasonic holograms were also being made, using sound waves. Holography  is one of the remarkable achievements of a modern science and technology. Holograms have unique property to restore the high-grade volumetric image of real subjects. The word holography originated from the Greek words holos whole and grapho write, that means complete record of the image. Holography represents photographic process in a broad sense of this word, essentially differs from a usual photo because there is a registration not only  intensity  in a photosensitive material, but also  phase  of light waves, scattered by the object and carried the complete information about three-dimensional structure of the object. As the medium of mapping of the reality, hologram has unique property: unlike usual photo, the  holographic image  can reproduce exactly three-dimensional copy of the original object. Such image with set of views, varied with change of supervision, has amazing realness and often looks like the real object. Unlike photography or painting, holography can render an object with complete dimensional fidelity. A hologram can create everything your eyes see size, shape, texture and relative position. However, if you try to touch a holographic image, all youll find is focused light. History of holography Holography is known from 1947 when British (native of Hungary) scientist Dennis Gabor   produced the theory of holography while he was trying to improve the resolution of electron microscope .Gabor coined the term which we know today i.e. holography by the greek word holos, which means whole while gramma means message. Further development in the field was during the next period because light sources available at that time was not truly coherent . This problem was overcome in  1960  by Russian scientists  N. Bassov  and  A. Prokhorov  and American scientist  Charles Townswith by the invention of the laser, whose pure, intense light was ideal for making holograms. In that year the pulsed-ruby laser was developed by Dr.  T.H. Maimam. This laser system  (unlike the continuous wave laser normally used in holography) emits a very powerful burst of light that lasts only a few nanoseconds (a billionth of a second). It effectively freezes movement and makes it possible to produce holograms of high-speed events, such as a bullet in flight, and of living subjects. The first hologram of a person was made in  1967, paving the way for a specialized application of holography: pulsed holographic portraiture. In  1962  Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks of the University of Michigan recognized from their work in side-reading radar that holography could be used as a 3-D visual medium. In 1962 they read Gabors paper and simply out of curiosity decided to duplicate Gabors technique using the laser and an  off-axis technique  borrowed from their work in the development of side-reading radar. The result was the first laser transmission  hologram of 3-D objects (a toy train and bird). These transmission holograms produced images with clarity and realistic depth but required laser light to view the holographic image. Their pioneering work led to standardization of the equipment used to make holograms. Today, thousands of laboratories and studios possess the necessary equipment: a continuous wave laser, optical devices (lens, mirrors and beam splitters) for directing laser light, a film holder and an isolation table on which exposures are made. Stability is absolutely essential because movement as small as a quarter wave- length of light during exposures of a few minutes or even seconds can completely spoil a hologram. The basic off-axis technique that Leith and Upatnieks developed is still the staple of holographic methodology. Also in  1962  Dr.  Yuri N. Denisyuk  from Russia combined holography with 1908 Nobel Laureate Gabriel Lippmanns work in natural color photography.  Denisyuks approach  produced a white-light reflection hologram which, for the first time, could be viewed in light from an ordinary incandescent light bulb. Another major advance in display holography occurred in  1968when Dr.  Stephen A. Benton  invented white-light transmission holography while researching holographic television at Polaroid Research Laboratories. This type of hologram can be viewed in ordinary white light creating a rainbow image from the seven colors which make up white light. The depth and brilliance of the image and its rainbow spectrum soon attracted artists who adapted this technique to their work and brought holography further into public awareness. Bentons invention is particularly significant because it made possible mass production of holograms using an embossing technique. These holograms are printed by stamping the interference pattern onto plastic. The resulting hologram can be duplicated millions of timesfor a few cents apiece. Consequently, embossed holograms are now being used by the publishing, advertising, and banking industries. In  1972  Lloyd Cross  developed the integral hologram by combining white-light transmission holography with conventional cinematography to produce moving 3-dimensional images. Sequential frames of 2-D motion-picture footage of a rotating subject are recorded on holographic film. When viewed, the composite images are synthesized by the human brain as a 3-D image. In 70s Victor Komar and his colleagues at the All-Union Cinema and Photographic Research Institute (NIFKI) in Russia, developed a prototype for a projected holographic movie. Images were recorded with a pulsed holographic camera. The developed film was projected onto a holographic screen that focused the dimensional image out to several points in the audience. Holographic artists have greatly increased their technical knowledge of the discipline and now contribute to the technology as well as the creative process. The art form has become international, with major exhibitions being held throughout the world. The commonly and widely used way of imaging of the reality is the photography. A photograph is basically the recording of the differing intensities of the light reflected by the object  and imaged by a lens. However, information about dimensions of the object contained not only in amplitude (intensity), but also in a phase of light waves. A great difference between holography and photography is the information recorded. This difference is why photographs are two dimensional (2-D) images while holograms are three dimensional (3-D) images. Photographs contain only one view point of an object. Our eyes need a minimum of two view points in order to see depth. Vision using two viewpoints of an object is called stereoscopic vision. Each eye receives a slightly different view point of an object, our brain combines the two and we perceive depth. We can fool our eyes into seeing photographs in three dimensions by taking two slightly different views of an object and allowing each eye to see only one image, the right image for the right eye and the left image for the left eye. We can do this with a stereoscope (for pictures) or with polarized glasses (for movies). The shortcoming of stereoscopic images is that when we move our head from side to side or up and down, we still only see the same two view points, whereas we should be seeing continuously changing viewpoints of the object. The image therefore doesnt quite appear to be three dimensional. In order to make a record of a three dimensional object we need to record this continuous set of viewpoints of the object. Estimating sizes of the objects and considering shape  and direction of shadows from these objects, we can create in our mind general representation about volumetric properties of the scene, represented in a photo. But, if sizes of the objects are identical and there are no shadows, volumetric content of the photographed scene is completely lost. For example, we can not define in the photo of snowflakes on a dark background, which of them is closer, and which of them is farther. Holography is the only visual recording medium that can record our three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional recording medium and playback the original object or scene to the unaided eyes as a three dimensional image. The image demonstrates complete parallax and depth-of-field and floats in space either behind, in front of, or straddling the recording medium.

Image as Icon: Recognising the Enigma’ by Tracey Warr

Image as Icon: Recognising the Enigma’ by Tracey Warr In Tracey Warr’s essay, ‘Image as Icon: Recognising the Enigma’, she identifies and discusses four discourses of performance photography–the document, the icon, the simulacrum and the live act–and what is at stake in these discourses is the ‘truth’. What she describes as ‘contradictory’ and contentious between the discourses, I believe what she has shown is the different ways in which photography is utilised and read as a medium for documenting and presenting a live performance. Although these photographs may offer themselves as an accurate record of the event, or the complete ‘truth’, Warr shows how incomplete, though necessary, photography is in depicting the experience of the live performance. Adrian George offers a loose definition of live performance art as primarily consisting of a living ‘human presence–a body (or bodies) in space and at a specific moment, or for a definite period’. What is difficult about performance art is that most people expect to see ‘art’ in a traditional sense, which is an art object. Performances do not have a ‘fixed referential basis’, much like Robert Smithson’s earthwork, Spiral Jetty 1970, whose spiral formation no longer exists physically due to erosion by the sea. Because performances and works like Spiral Jetty ‘continue to exist only through an accumulation of documentation and discourse’ documenting these works become very important in placing them in a historical context. In Warr’s discourses of performance photography as the document and the simulacra, we have what appear to be two polarising discourses–the ‘real’ evidence and the simulation; however, her development of both discourses arrives at similar conclusions about truth telling. Warr defines the discourse of the document as ‘the image perform[ing] the role of materialist evidence and proof–showing us exactly what happened so we can ‘know’ it’ while the discourse of the simulacra ‘explores fakery, the performative and representation’. According to Susan Sontag, unlike writing or even paintings and drawings which are perceived as ‘interpretations’, the photograph is perceived not so much as ’statements about the world so much as pieces of it, miniatures of reality that anyone can make or acquire’. However, both Warr and Sontag debunk the myth that the photograph is objective or factual. The perfo rmance is filtered through the photographer and camera through the process of framing, cropping and composing the photograph. Then there is the process of choosing the best photographs to represent the entire performance, which Warr points out are usually the most composed photographs. In addition to this process of reduction, the experience of ’sound, time, space, [and] often the audience’ are missing from the photograph. The photograph as document is exposed, so to speak, as being like the simulacra, a mere representation or a simulation–the document is a construction. In reference to Hans Namuth’s photographs depicting Jackson Pollock painting, Fred Orton and Griselda Pollocks’ pose the question: ‘how far does the photographer document what happened and how far does he or she create the ‘documented’ phenomenon?’ Although Namuth’s photographs can be read as historical documents of the painter, Warr points out that these images are actually ‘Namuth and Pollock staging Pollock’. Another question that could be asked is how much does the artist perform for the audience and how much does the artist perform for the camera? Many performances during the 60s and 70s are ‘hybrid performance photography’ which were performed especially for the camera as opposed to a live audience. This kind of performance photography subverts the function of the photograph as an objective, unobtrusive document as the hybrid performance photography blatantly uses the camera as an accomplice to stage its performance. Hybrid performance photography also subverts the central idea in the discourse of the live act. In this discourse, documentation is relegated to a mere ’subsidiary status’ while the live performance itself is ‘primary, cathartic, witnessed and ontological’. Here, documentation is supposed to be as ‘unobtrusive’ as possible because the most important aspect is the interaction between the performer and the audience, an aspect that comes from the traditions of the theatre. However, trying to capture the experience of the interaction between the performer and the audience is problematic as not only is the photograph incomplete as a truth teller as mentioned already but the viewer of the photograph cannot intervene with the performance. During the live performance, there is an opportunity for the audience to react ‘with a corporeal response’ but when viewing the performance through a photograph, the viewer is ‘already in interpretation mode’. Trying to decipher whether or not the photograph of Chris Burden’s nail-scarred hands in Trans-fixed 1999 is real or staged is an example of being in the interpretation mode. Because the live performance lacks a fixed referent, the performance photograph itself is liable to become an icon. Here, the photograph functions beyond just a mere document or a staged image. In this discourse of performance photography, the ‘icon presents us with a manifestation of the unknowable and an encounter with that manifestation in a state of belief’. Warr points out that the role of the photograph as an icon is riddled with contradictions and compromise. The icon ‘is both indexical and documentary’, presenting itself as tangible evidence but in doing so it also ‘compromises it status as a manifestation of an unknowable to be believed’–conjuring up issues of fakery. The icon is a paradox because the iconic ‘must be universally familiar and †¦enigmatic’, or ‘the known and the unknowable’. In the world of art, the photographs of Jackson Pollock and Joseph Beuys–images of two famous and well-k nown artists–are as much icons as are their artwork. Warr’s exploration of the four discourses presents contradictions between the discourses but at times they also complement each other. However, all four discourses point to the conclusion that even performance photography, like the art object, has no fixed meaning nor is there a fixed relationship between photography and performance. As Warr has shown us, it is a relationship that is highly complex.

Aspirin :: essays research papers

Aspirin Aspirin may not be healthy for the DIGESTIVE TRACK it can also sometimes cause serious bleeding in the upper GASTROINTESTINAL tract. A study director of medicine said the risk of bleeding is directly related to aspirin. She also stated that  ¼ of an aspirin is good for a day (about the same amount of a baby's aspirin). Another thing she stated was that if you are taking aspirin for arthritis it may cause severe bleeding. Late last moth in a journal called Lancet , Lancet compared the use of aspirin among 550 people admitted to the hospital with serious bleeding from the stomach or DUODENUM with the aspirin- taking practices of 1,202 non hospitalized people from the same communities. An aspirin-induced ULCER or gastric-an inflammation of the stomach lining is the cause of such bleeding that typically results in vomiting blood. In virtually everyone who takes aspirin the aspirin may cause MICRO BLEEDING. The more serious bleeding is rare however it is death threatening, Especially if the person has any other medical problems or has lost a lot of blood quickly. In a survey 19 per 100,000 people had the serious bleeding. It is precisely the power of the aspirin that makes it effective against heart attacks and strokes that are caused by clots. I think that you should not take aspirin for preventing any heart attacks or strokes or etc.†¦ for a reason and that reason is that it may cause another hazard upon you while you are trying to prevent one happening to you. Digestive track - The way food is digested. Gastrointestinal - Of relating to, affecting, or including both stomach and intestine. Duodenum - The first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum. Ulcer - An open sore on the inner surface of the alimentary canal. Micro bleed - The

Physics of Boating Essay -- physics boat boating

The first thing you should know is the physics behind a boat, seeing how you can't have a boating adventure without one. To keep it simple, let's check out the main thing you should know about a boat: Buoyancy. Buoyancy, by definition, is the upward force exerted by a liquid on any immersed object. If the force of the liquid on the object is greater than that of the object on the liquid then the object will float. In other words buoyancy is dependent upon the density of the liquid and the volume of the object submerged. Buoyancy: Fb= d*g*V Where Fb= the magnitude of the buoyant force d= density of the liquid, g= force of gravity (9.8 m/s^2), V= volume of the submerged object All object displace fluid when in a liquid, because no two objects can occupy the same space at the same time. Archimedes principle states that the magnitude of the buoyant force always equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Archimedes Principle Fb=Mw Where Fb= magnitude of buoyant force and Mw= mass of the water displaced. (Equations taken from Physics for Scientists) Buoyancy can be applied to boats. The combined mass of everything on the boat is less than the force of the fluid acting against it, allowing the boat to float. This is nice. The water is cold. The wave height is the vertical distance, usually in feet, between the the trough and the crests. The wavelength is the length in feet between adjacent crests. This is one way to measure the size of waves. Another good way to measure the size of waves is by how many people get sick. More than two people means the waves are big. Enough with waves, lets move on to tides! "Tides are the longest water waves which occur and have a fundamental period of a... ...the heat transport into the ice which cuts into it, making it even less stable." (Ice in the Ocean p. 258) Since an iceberg is 89% underwater, the process of erosion can make the berg very unsafe to be around. A change in the distribution of the weight of the berg can cause it to roll and move rapidly through the water. BIBLIOGRAPHY Serway and Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 2004. Wadhams, Peter. Ice in the Ocean. 2000 Kay, H.F. The Science of Yachts, Wind, and Water. 1971. Paterson, W.S.B. The Physics of Glaciers. 1994. http://www.earthlife.net/birds/flight.html. "How birds Fly" 2005. http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/r_haulin'_bass.htm#speeda."ReefQuest Center for Shark Research". Martin, Aidan http://scitation.aip.org "Humpback Whales" http://whale.wheelock.edu/archives/ask97/0432.html. 1997. Kenney, Robert D.

Project Management and Tran Essay

Tran was taking his dog Callie on her evening walk as the sun began to set over the coastal range. He looked forward to this time of the day. It was an opportunity to enjoy some peace and quiet. It was also a time to review events on the Ajax project and plot his next moves. Ajax is the code name given by CEBEX for a high-tech security system project funded by the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD). Tran is the project manager and his core them consisted of 30 full-time hardware and software engineers. Tran and his family fled he was 18 and used the education stipend to attend Washington State University. He joined CEBEX upon graduating with a dual degree in mechanical and electrical engineering. After working on a variety of projects for 10 years Tran decided he wanted to enter management. He went to night school at the University of Washington to earn an MBA. Tran became a project manager for the money. He also thought he was good at it. He enjoyed working with people and making the right thing happen. This was his fifth project and up to now he was batting. 500,with half of his projects coming ahead of schedule. Tran was proud that he could now afford to send his oldest child to Stanford University. Ajax was one of many defense projects the CEBEX Corporation had under contract with DOD. CEBEX is a huge defense company with annual sales in excess of $30 billion and more than 120,000 employees worldwide. CEBEX’s five major business areas are Aeronautics, Electronic Systems, Information& Solutions, and Space Systems. Ajax was one of several new projects sponsored by the Integrated Systems & Solutions division aimed at the homeland security business. CEBEX was confident that it could leverage its technical expertise and political connections to become a major player in this growing market. Ajax was one of several projects directed at designing, developing, and installing a security system at an important government installation. Tran had two major concerns when he started the Ajax project. The first was the technical risks inherent in the project. In theory the design principles made sense and the project used proven technology. Still the technology had never been applied in the field in this matter. From past experience, Tran knew there was a big difference between the laboratory and the real world. He also knew that integrating the audio, optical, tactile, and laser subsystems would test the patience and ingenuity of his team. The second concern involved his team. The team was pretty much split down the middle between hardware and electrical engineers. Not only did these engineers have different skill sets and tend to look at problems differently, but generational differences between the two groups were evident as well. The hardware engineers were almost all former military, family men with conservative attire and beliefs. The electrical engineers were a much motlier crew. They tended to be young, single, and at times very cocky. While the hardware engineers talked about the Seattle Mariners, raising teenagers, and going to Palm Desert to play golf, the software engineers talked about Vapor, the latest concert at Gorge amphitheater, and going mountain biking in Peru. To make matters worse, tension between these two groups within CEBEX festered around salary issues. Electrical engineers were at a premium, and the hardware engineers resented the new hires’ salary packages, which were comparable to what they were earning after 20 years of working for CEBEX. Still the real money was to be made from the incentives associated with project performance. These were all contingent on meeting project milestones and the final completion date. Before actual work started on the project, Tran arranged a tow-day team-building retreat at a lodge on the Olympic peninsula for his entire team as well as key staff from the government installation. He used this time to go over the major objectives of the project and unveil the basic project plan. An internal consultant facilitated several team-building activities that made light of cross-generational issues. Tran felt a real sense of camaraderie within the team. The good feelings generated from the retreat carried over to the beginning of the project. The entire team bought into the mission of the project and technical challenges it represented. Hardware and electrical engineers worked side by side to solve problems and build subsystems. The project plan was built around a series of five tests, with each test being a more rigorous verification of total system performance. Passing each test represented a key milestone for the project. The team was excited about conducting the first Alpha test one week early—only to be disappointed by a series of minor technical glitches that ook two weeks of problem solving to resolve. The team worked extra hard to make up for the lost time. Tran was proud of team and how hard members had worked together. The Alpha II test was conducted on schedule, but once again the system failed to perform. This time three weeks of debugging was needed before the team received the green light to move to the next phase of the project. By this time, team goodwill had been tested, and emotions were a bit frayed. A cloud of disappointment descended over the team as hopes of bonuses disappeared with the project falling further behind schedule. This was augmented by cynics who felt that the original schedule was unfair and the deadlines were impossible to begin with. Tran responded by starting each day with a status meeting where the team reviewed what they accomplished the previous day and set new objectives for that day. He believed these meetings were helpful in establishing positive momentum and reinforcing a team identity among the engineers. He also went out of his way to spend more time with the â€Å"troops,† helping them solve problems, offering encouragement, and a sincere pat on the back when one was deserved. He was cautiously optimistic when the time came to conduct the Alpha III test. It was the end of the day when the switch was turned on, but nothing happened. Within minutes the entire team heard the news. Screams could be heard down the hallway. Perhaps the most telling moment was when Tran looked down at the company’s parking lot and saw most of his project team walking by themselves to their cars. As Callie chased some wild bunnies, Tran pondered what he should do next. 1. How effective has Tran been as a project manager? Explain. 2. What problem(s) does Tran face?

Explain How External Environment Influence Essay

External environment aims to help an organisation to obtain opportunities and threats that will affect the organisation’s competitive situation. External opportunities are characteristics of the external environment that have the potential to help the organization achieve or exceed its strategic goals. External threats are characteristics of the external environment that may prevent the organization from achieving its strategic goals. Therefore, organisations must formulate appropriate strategies to take advantage of the opportunities while overcome the threats in order to achieve their strategic goals. The external environment consists of variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top management. They may be general forces within the macro or remote environment, which consists of political-legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological forces – usually called PEST. Political-legal force influences strategy formulation through government and law intervention. For example, the environment law requires the world’s automobile manufacturers to reduce emission of green house gasses, and therefore these manufacturers have to reformulate their product strategy. Economic force influences strategy formulation through economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. For example, exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy, and thus influence strategy formulation of exporters. Socio-cultural force is about the cultural aspects, health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social-cultural factors affect the demand for a company’s products and how that company operates. For example, increasing health consciousness can influence strategy formulation of fast-food companies that may have to adopt product innovation strategy. Technological factors include technological aspects such as R;D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. For example, rapid development of the information technology has significantly influenced the strategy formulation of logistics service providers who are now able to provide superior express services. There may be specific forces within the micro or near environment, which involves analyzing the threat from the new entrant, rivalry among the existing players, pressure from the buyers, pressure from the suppliers and pressure from the substitutes. This is introduced in Porter’s Five-Forces Model. Profitable markets that yield high returns will attract new firms which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents. The existing firms therefore need to formulate new strategies against potential entrants. For most industries, the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. For example, high intensity of competitive rivalry in the automobile industry forces competitors such as Ford, Honda, to form strategic alliances or adopts the strategy of M;A. The bargaining power of buyers is the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure. For example, strong bargaining power of buyers in the computer industry put Dell under pressure. To deal with such pressure, Dell has to focus on relationship marketing strategy by offering value-added services to its customers. The bargaining power of suppliers is also described as the market of inputs. Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm, when there are few substitutes. Suppliers may refuse to work with the firm, or charge excessively high prices for unique resources such as Microsoft software and Intel chips which affects the formulation of price strategy of PC makers. The existence of products outside of the realm of the common product boundaries increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives. In order to retain customers, companies must formulate appropriate strategies to compete with the substitutes. For example, milk producers compete with soy milk producers. However, strategy formulation is also influenced by the degree of turbulence of the external environment. A high degree of turbulence exists if changeability is high and predictability is low. Companies need to formulate strategies based on the planned prescriptive approach if turbulence is low, whereas based on the unplanned emergent approach if turbulence is high. How organization’s overcome environmental changes? Organisations need to deal with environmental changes with appropriate strategies. First, organisations may choose to wait and see. Such strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, facing a significant technological change, some companies may choose to integrate the new technology into their products. If they are successful, the rest companies’ ‘wait and see’ strategy is obviously unwise. However, if they failed, the rest companies’ ‘wait and see’ strategy appears wise. As a result, strategic decision making is impacted on and opportunities may either be lost or capitalised on. Second, organisations may choose to change in response to environmental changes through either proactive or reactive. Proactive change involves actively attempting to make alterations to the work place and its practices. Companies that take a proactive approach to change are often trying to avoid a potential future threat or to capitalize on a potential future opportunity. Reactive change occurs when an organization makes changes in its practices after some threat or opportunity has already occurred in the external environment. As an example of the difference, assume that a hotel executive learns about the increase in the number of Malaysians who want to travel with their pets. The hotel executive creates a plan to reserve certain rooms in many hotel locations for travelers with pets and to advertise this new amenity, even before travelers begin asking about such accommodations. This would be a proactive response to change because it was made in anticipation of customer demand. However, a reactive approach to change would occur if hotel executives had waited to enact such a change until many hotel managers had received repeated requests from guests to accommodate their pets and were denied rooms. In reality, companies may use a combination of both proactive and reactive approaches. Proactive approach is highly common when an industry is new with little or no change. The bellwether company entering the industry is making all of the strategic decisions or being proactive. However, because of its success, competitors gradually enter the market, resulting in the turbulent change of the competitive environment. Consequently, the reactive change is on the part of the new competitors as well as the bellwether company. To overcome environmental changes, companies may also choose the merger or acquisition strategy. A merger is defined as the joining of two or more organizations to constitute a new combined, legal entity. An acquisition is defined as the purchase of more than 50 percent of the voting shares of one organization by another, but the two organizations are still separate legal entities with the acquiring organization running as the parent company and another as a subsidiary. For example, recent study discloses that the merger and acquisition strategy in the global automobile industry will be further enhanced in the near future in order to deal with the threat of global financial crisis which decreased the consumers’ disposable income and increased the debt of auto makers and suppliers that have to save their organisations through merger and acquisition Ddiscuss the importance of organisational culture in strategy implementation Organisational culture can be defined â€Å"as the system of shared beliefs and values that guide and direct the behaviour of members, can have a strong influence on daily organisational behaviour and performance. † (1) Reflection to leadership Successful strategy implementation needs strategic leadership. Strategic leadership is the ability of influencing others to voluntarily make decisions that enhance prospects for the organisation’s long-term success while maintaining short-term financial stability. It includes determining the firm’s strategic direction, aligning the firm’s strategy with its culture, modelling and communicating high ethical standards, and initiating, shaping and implementing changes in the firm’s strategy, when necessary. Strategic leadership sets the firm’s direction by developing and communicating a vision of future and inspires the organization’s members to move in that direction. (2) Enable to create mission & vision The vision is the source and the main idea of a company. The mission aims to give the direction which presents the unique scope of business, its vision nd specific competence & competitive advantages, and to tell employees, consumers, and shareholder what the firm is. For example, IBM’s vision is: solutions for a small planet. Mission is: At IBM, we strive to lead in the invention, development and manufacture of the industry’s most advanced information technologies, including computer systems, sof tware, storage systems and microelectronics. Create a shared vision to manage strategic change: objectives and vision of both individuals and organization should coincide. There should be no conflict between them. Senior managers need to constantly and consistently communicate the vision not only to inform but also to overcome resistance through proper communication. Strategy implementers have to convince all those concerned that the change is not superficial. The actions taken have to be credible, highly visible and unmistakably indicative of management’s seriousness to new strategic initiatives and associated changes. (3) Help to create a better strategy (4) Staff motivation Strategy implementation requires special motivation to achieve objectives. The motivation system functions according to the qualities and mechanisms of motivation, which is developed during the stage of entry strategy preparation. First and foremost, this system has to inspire employees involved in the process of strategy development and implementation to orient their mindset toward a strategic way of thinking. Formalizing the strategic motivation system includes establishing a system of daily incentives for employees, especially those who are responsible for strategy development and implementation. The formal system is presented in a document, where all suggestions about motivation and incentives are developed and described. It includes all moral, social, and financial instruments of motivation of individual employees and groups of employees. Special recognition and awards should be given to those who go above and beyond in creating and implementing strategic ideas. (5) Increase or enhance adaptability skills How to use organisation culture to develop competitive advantages 1. Develop CA An organization that is able to maintain a positive culture is likely to enjoy many benefits. When organization members identify with the culture, the work environment tends to be more enjoyable, which boosts morale. This leads to increased levels of teamwork, sharing of information, and openness to new ideas. The resulting increased interaction among employees activates learning and continuous improvement because information flows more freely throughout the organization. Additionally, such a culture helps to attract and retain top employees. For example, Wal-Mart’s founder, Sam Walton, showed concern and respect for his employees from the company’s inception. This created an environment of trust that persists to this day. Walton also modeled the behavior that he desired from his employees, especially customer service (both to internal and external customers), by visiting his stores, meeting customers, and greeting employees by their first names. Walton also embraced and encouraged change in order to remain competitive, and developed employees by having them work in a variety of positions. Wal-Mart considers its culture the key to its success, and to this day employees continue to think about â€Å"how Sam would have done it’’ when making decisions. 2. Proactive ; reactive Today’s globally-competitive business environment has made a positive corporate culture a critical aspect of success for firms. No longer just a competitive advantage, it has become a prerequisite for success, allowing companies to attract and retain top employees. Therefore, where the culture is serving to lower morale, it is recommended that management take proactive rather than reactive steps to change the corporate culture using a top-down approach, establishing a new vision and demonstrating new behavior consistent with the revised vision. 2. Ability to change 3. Strong learning curve

Benefits of Working as a Computer Science Expert

Benefits of Working as a Computer Science Expert Why Computer Science Career is So Popular Today? If you want to reach a decent level of living, you can take a look at a career in computer engineering. You can start moving to your goal since school by studying Computer Sciences and Informational Technologies subjects. They are becoming the most important disciplines today. It is better for you to get a Bachelor or even a Master’s degree. But most of all you should focus on developing your computer skills. You will be more appreciated as a professional if you will know more than one programming language and have various skills in this field. What is more, being a computer expert, you will be able to work distantly, from home or any other convenient place. Freelancing is very popular among family people and millennials who do not want to be tied to one place. Also, this type of work opens a lot of opportunities for those, who work far from big cities, as many big computer corporations’ offices are located there. Moreover, new career opportunities appear daily with the development of the IT field. People who have IT education and skills will always be able to find a decent job. You can start a career in the following categories: Administration Design Development Finances Healthcare Nursing. Management Marketing Programming Writing You can see that the knowledge of Business Administration can also help you in obtaining a good career in computer science. All you need is to present the real information from the right perspective. Writing experts can assist you in creating the proper application letter that will get the attention of your potential employer. Computer science requires the implementation of many sciences and fields starting with administrating and business and ending with technologies and biology. The main requirement is to be good at what you do and provide a new ideal for industrial development. You can focus on discovering solutions for problems like: Designing and developing the software. Finding the solutions for technical instruments from the technical and creative point of view. Storing the info, management of the data, networking, and control of communications. New approaches and ways of using computers and electronic devices. Considering this, you can choose from 5 main career options in computer science: Career option 1. Designing and implementation apps for PC and portable devices. Career option 2. Searching for new approaches to PC and portable devices usage. Career option 3. Finding effective solutions for computer issues. Career option 4. Finding effective solutions for any other industry. Career option 5. Planning and organizing the technology infrastructure in any industry. Top Career Choices in Computer Science Below you will find out the most forward-looking career ideas: Market Research Analyst Modern marketing includes many aspects like promotion, sales, and distribution. These elements are connected and require decent management to be effective. To run productive promotional campaigns and increase sales, companies require specialists in marketing research analysis. Usually, these experts work with teams in order to conduct a deep analysis and develop effective business plans. To become a professional in this field, you need to know how to analyze the data, review the available information and study trends and strategies of competitors. Your main task here is to provide a quick company growth. You also have to be able to collect the feedback from your customers, partners, and suppliers, etc. to obtain more opinions on company activity. Your computer science degree will be valuable in this data-focused field, especially if you will have a Master’s degree. Annual salary: $33,500 – $114,000 Operations Research Analyst This career is pretty similar to the previous one. It also requires working with data and managing the information. The purpose here is to find the best solution for the existing issues as well. This job requires knowledge and skills in the following subjects: accounting; finance; political science; manufacturing logistics. But in his position, you will need the assistance of other specialists. You have to know what software used for statistics and what modeling packages to apply. Pay attention to studying statistics in college to be successful in this industry in the future. And do your best to get the Master’s degree. Annual salary: $42,000 $130,000 Systems Software Developer Working with system software does not always mean being a system administrator. This also includes developing apps and software. And experts can find a job in a computer or mobile industry. If you have good engineering and programming skills, you can find a job as a designer, for instance, in a big corporation. This will be an excellent start for an IT career. You will have to develop programs and apps that will be used in computer and mobile industries. And it refers not only to mobile phones but even to the auto interfaces. You should also take into consideration the security aspect of your products. As usual, the master’s diploma will be beneficial in getting a job. Annual salary: $63,000 $151,000 Web/App Developer We all are mobile and web users as we regularly download and use various apps. That is why the developers of web and mobile applications are in such high demand now. Numerous apps are developed annually, and they always have target users and a useful purpose. For developers there are some basic responsibilities: creating websites for e-commerce; controlling company operations; managing of the non-profit groups; conducting social media activity; working together with customers and business partners. To become a web developer, you should be an expert in computers and engineering. You also should be able to work freely with programming languages like HTML, JavaScript, XML, and Cascading Style Sheets. Also, you should be able to check the website after it is completed to make sure everything runs properly and the interface is user-friendly. Annual salary: $33,000 $110,000 Geoscientist Apart from computer science, let’s take a look at another important field, like geosciences. This science is aimed at discovering our planet, so you need to be good at Geography or Geophysics that will serve as a bonus to your computer skills. Tasks for such experts are to model and build up real-life prototypes, and they need usage of complex computer systems. The main purpose here is to study our planet and what opportunities it can bring to us. Geoscientist also should have data analysis and digital mapping skills as well. They have to conduct researches of the issues connected to the Earth. Geology is required as much as computer knowledge here. You can start searching for a job in government or oil and gas industry. Your researching and application skills will be useful for authorities. Annual salary: $49,000 $187,000 As you can see, finding a highly-paid job requires more than just a basic knowledge of computer sciences. You have to be aware of some other industries and be able to conduct connected operations. But if you want to be independent financially and have a decent level of living, you should consider developing skills and obtaining the knowledge required for working in these industries. To save some time for getting extra experience, you can order a research paper from writing experts. But keep in mind that you need to choose only respectful services, as you entrust them a part of your reputation as well.

Describe And Explain Christian Teachings About Human Rights Essays

Describe And Explain Christian Teachings About Human Rights Essays Describe And Explain Christian Teachings About Human Rights Essay Describe And Explain Christian Teachings About Human Rights Essay Essay Topic: Maus Human rights prevent any discrimination against minority groups in communities. They make sure people can speak and meet openly, ensure that people are not tortured or imprisoned without trial. Human rights allow anybody and everybody to live life without discrimination against who and what they are. Some say human rights are the right to: Basic guarantees of life To self-determination and cultural identity Participate in decision-making within the community Dissent Personal dignity Religious freedomThe term Human Rights is not mentioned in the Bible because it is a modern term. However, there are many teachings in the Bible that are related to human rights because they are about treating each other equally. Christians refer to sources of authority for further understanding of the term Human Rights. There tends to be an order of authority, which means that the teachings of some are more important than others.The order of importance, from most important to leas t, is God(through prayer), the Bible, the Church, the Pope and various other religious leaders. Christians believe that teachings from the Bible are important because they are Jesus words. The teachings of Jesus tell Christians to treat each other equally. This is because life is sacred and in the eyes of God everyone is equal. Christians should always remember the sanctity of life. The teaching that life is God given. (Genesis 1:27). As a result of this All life deserves respect. (1 Corinthians 3:16-17). Not respecting a life would be similar to not respecting God.As God went to so much trouble to create life it would be wrong to destroy it, so Life should not be destroyed. (Exodus 20.13). It should also not be destroyed because Human life is precious. (Luke 12:6-7). As human life is so sacred, Jesus teaches to Love your neighbour as you love yourself. (Mathew 22:39). This means that Christians should treat others the way that they would want to be treated themselves. Christians sh ould try to love the unlovable, which is agape. Agape is Christian love and is when people should love one another and treat each other equally, no matter who they are. Help others to ensure that they are not being denied of their human rights so that one day if they themselves are put in a similar situation people will try to help them.This teaching is similar to Love your enemies. (Mathew 5:44). This again is teaching agape. Fromthis Christians should learn not to treat people differently because they do not like them. If people disobey this commandment then they are not treating people equally and are discriminating against them, therefore denying them of their human rights.Jesus says Do not judge and you will not be judged, because the judgements you give are the judgements you will get. (Mathew 7:1). This is related to the idea that it is important to help people in need. Do not show hatred towards certain people because of something they have done wrong. Do your best to help t hem and not judge because then if you yourself are put in the same situation others might help you.A well-known teaching in the Bible is I give you a new commandment. Love one another, as I have loved you. (John 13:34). This is an addition to the 10 commandments. Jesus loves everyone, treats them equally and does his best to show this love and help them. This quote teaches that Christians should love people in the same way, showing agape. This way people are not denied of their human rights.Jesus said I tell you the truth, whatever you did for one of the least of the brothers of mine, you did for me. (Mathew 25:31-46). By making them happy, showing them love and respect, Christians believe they are doing the same to God. In everyday life Christians try to help those less fortunate than themselves. They remember what Jesus said. Greater love has no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. (John 15:13).This shows genuine action for those in need. When someone is in need, Christians should help him or her without thinking about the costs to himself. Just like Jesus who lay down his life to forgive us of our sins. Jesus is a great example to everyone of how a Christians life should be lead. Jesus was a selfless person. On the walk to Emmaus he walked beside people to encourage them to keep going. They did not know who he was and he did not tell them.He did not feel that it would make any difference because he believed he was no more important than the person he was walking alongside. Christians learn from this to help those in need without selfish reasons. When Jesus fed the five thousand he only had five loaves of bread and two fish. When provided with this food he did not give it to those who he felt deserved it more than the others because to him everyone deserved it equally. He did his best to ensure that everyone was treated equally. It is clear that Christians cannot perform miracles like Jesus but should try their very best to not treat some people better than others. Christians follow Jesus example and help everyone.The parable of the Good Samaritan. (Luke 10:25-37). No matter who and what people are, learn to forgive them and help those in need. Help them in whatever way is possible because Faith without action is dead. (James 2:17). This means that it is good to be concerned with human rights and to believe it is wrong to deny people of them, but if nothing is done then that belief is not worth so much. Action needs to be taken to ensure people are given the right to dignity, freedom and respect. This does not mean acting in violent ways but simply telling people about what you think and what should be done to change what is happening.The Church gives teachings about Human rights, which should be followed. Pope John XXIII taught Each individual is truly a person with a nature that is endowed with intelligence and free will, and rights and dutiesthese rights and duties are universal and inviolable. Another teachi ng is that No rights are possible without the basis guarantees for life, including the right to adequate food, guaranteed healthcare, to decent housing.'(World Council of Churches). This was probably based upon the Bible teaching If your enemy is hungry, give him bread to eat; if he is thirsty, give him water to drink.Some Christians feel that it is necessary to go to extreme lengths to fight for human rights. May Christs sacrifice give us the courage to offer our own bodies for justice and peace. Oscar Romeo. As Jesus sacrificed his life for us, Christians should do the same. Not necessarily die but take action without selfish reasons. Mother Teresa agrees and says Make us worthy Lord, to serve those throughout the world who live and die poor and hungry.Christians are taught to not judge people and look down upon them. If they have what is needed to make a difference, then they should try their best to help. Camilo Torres adds his own views. Only by revolution, by changing the conc rete conditions of our country, can we enable men to practise love for each other. He teaches that action should be taken to ensure that people are not denied of their human rights. J. Robert Nelson follows on from that, saying that Christians should secure, extend and enhance human freedoms. He teaches that Christians should ensure that people have the right to freedom in everyway.All of these teachings mean that Christians are taught to be concerned with human rights. They can learn from Jesus, the Bible and many other people that by acting in the right ways they can give people the freedom of speech, the right to basic guarantees of life, to self-determination and cultural identity, to participate in decision-making within the community, to dissent, to personal dignity and to religious freedom.