Finding Personal Statement Examples That Are Unique

Finding Personal Statement Examples That Are UniqueYou can find tons of personal statement examples on the internet, but what exactly do they say? What do they actually say, you may ask. Some of them tell you that you have to go with that certain writing style.The best thing about these samples is that you can find the perfect example of everything you want to include in your personal statement. I want to show you where to find personal statement examples that are not only interesting and informative, but also inspiring to read. You will want to take your time reading this and you will want to use it as a guide, so that when you are ready to submit your statement you will know what to say, as well as what kind of statement it is.These samples also give you a chance to talk about your life's experiences. There are several different choices that you have. You can list your accomplishments, your problems, or you can talk about how you became your current situation. You will need to make sure that you take the time to do the necessary research so that you will be able to find an example that really speaks to you.There are sentence examples available for many different types of personal statements. This allows you to really get creative when you want to write something that is much more than just a sentence. You can find samples that have simple content, words, and formatting, and then you can tailor the letter to fit the needs of your audience. All of these samples are great tools for giving you ideas and making your life easier.The one thing that is great about physical therapy essay samples is that they provide you with the option to contact a professional, if needed. When you do choose to go this route, you will be talking to someone who knows you and your situation. You will be doing sowith someone who can be of assistance and listen to your needs. You will be working with someone who you can trust, as well as someone who will help you in the process.As you are doing your own personal statement, there are two important things that you must remember. First, you need to keep it simple. You need to give yourself enough room to talk about what it is that you have to say. Second, and even more importantly, is that you need to choose the things that are important to you, but that you want to learn about from a third party.If you do choose to put together a successful personal statement, I am sure that you will do so because of the great tools that are available. There are so many resources out there that you can choose from. If you make the choice to look for these resources, you will be rewarded with some wonderful personal statement examples that will help you in your quest to put together a successful statement. Make sure that you have your heart in what you are putting into your statement.

Stereotypes And Stereotypes Of Women - 1056 Words

Stereotypes of Women For a very long time, stereotypes have been part of the society and culture, and to this day, they are still present. Stereotypes can be defined as â€Å"[oversimplifying] the image or idea of a particular type of person or thing† (Google Dictionary). A current event would be a female who cannot work in a factory because of her gender, or a male who cannot join ballet because of his gender. But what still occurs in our nation or the whole society is that stereotypes are generally directed against women. The stereotypes our society gives to women lead them to have lower positions in the workplace than men such as women are supposed to make less money than men, supposed to have â€Å"clean jobs†, and supposed to not have any technical skills. When women are â€Å"supposed† to have these certain positions, it makes them have an underprivileged characterization. A problem that most women have in this country when it comes to working is that they are paid less than men do. Ever since women were given the rights to work, there was not enough equality given to them because of their gender. In an article from the Huffpost Politics, Women Still Earned 77 Cents On Men’s Dollars In 2012: Report, for women to make average earnings in the year 2012, it would be $37,791, and for men, their earnings would be $49,398. This wage gap of women earning 77 cents every dollar men makes has happened since the year 2007. What is discriminating is that women are equally educated and have theShow MoreRelatedStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Black Women858 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes are images and ideas, fixed and oversimplified, of particular people or things. Black women tend to encounter the utmost sexual and racial stereotypes. The remarks that I commonly hear are black women emasculate their men and are also sexually inhibited. Media and society ha ve installed these stereotypes in a majority of our minds. Black women hear stereotypes very frequently and begin to believe in them. I encountered an immense amount of stereotypes, but they were only misjudgmentsRead MoreThe Stereotypes Of Women And Women Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagessurrounded ourselves around the many stereotypes that differentiate men and women. For many generations, we have the belief that women should vocalize their emotions while men should repress them and work it out among themselves. Society has developed masculine and feminine roles as well as expectations we feel like we have an obligation to pursue. It’s obvious that the gender roles we constructed immensely impacts how we think and operate. According to traditional stereotypes, men are assumed to be strongRead MoreStereotype of Women with Rape710 Words   |  3 Pagesmessage of how women are often wrongly stereotyped as being the main causes of rape by the public. And, I concur with your poi nt. I was stimulated by your challenge to confront the institutionalized behavior of people that stereotypes women, and this encouraged me to write a letter to you to show my support and share my opinion. Undeniably, I think your statement at the bottom of the cartoon plays a great role in highlighting your criticism against the public stereotype of women. When your quoteRead MoreBlack Women Stereotypes763 Words   |  4 PagesThe stereotypical misrepresentations of African-American women and men in popular culture have influenced societal views of Blacks for centuries. The typical stereotypes about Black women range from the smiling, asexual and often obese Mammy to the promiscuous Jezebel who lures men with her sexual charms. However, the loud, smart mouthed, neck-rolling Black welfare mother is the popular image on reality television. The typical stereotype about Black men is the violent, misogynistic thug, and theRead MoreStereotypes Of Wonder Women1989 Words   |  8 PagesIn what ways does Pattie Jenkins’ 2017 Wonder Woman eschew superhero stereotypes and present a strong female narrative? Although superhero movies have become some of the most popular and successful movie instalments of the 21st century most of these movies have been about men and focused on their trials and triumphs while also creating and perpetrating negative stereotypes of women. The female superhero movie falls into one of three categories: the victim, the tomboy and the bombshell. In the firstRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Objectification Of Women888 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing overarching themes, in particular, gender stereotypes and objectification of women. Then I will analyze the photos from an intersectionality perspective and its importance. In addition, I will self-reflect about how gender, sex, and sexuality influence my life and how my beliefs have been challenged over the semester. Finally, I will conclude my paper with ways, in which, we can make social change, so we can reduce gender stereotypes. Themes There were two major overarching themes thatRead MoreEssay Negative Stereotypes of Women1164 Words   |  5 Pages1301 3 December 2011 The Negative Impact of Stereotypes Stereotype- a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group (Dictionary). In simpler words, stereotypes are judgments based on actions of an individual or small group, thought to be true about the rest of that group. Stereotypes refer to individuals perceptions that typically do not correspond to reality. A stereotype is a picture in the head, not an accurate mirrorRead MoreThe Effects Of Media And Stereotypes On Women1554 Words   |  7 PagesWomen Leaders and The Effects of Media and Stereotypes Confidence, integrity, purpose, empowerment, determination, and courage. These are some of the many words associated with leadership. Regardless of gender, these words apply to all leaders. It is no longer a question of what women leaders are, but rather why there are not women leaders. Today’s society focuses on fulfilling leadership positions with males, not because females do not have the same skills and knowledge as men, but because peopleRead MoreStereotypes And Gender Roles Of Women Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pages A stereotype can be defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.† Stereotypes are preconceived notions about a group of people. Gender roles are â€Å"the public image of being a particular gender that a person presents to others.† These roles are also known as the social norms that dictate the types of behaviors that are deemed acceptable, appropriate or desirable for people of the two genders. Both stereotypes and gender roles of womenRead MoreIdentities And Stereotypes Of The Arab Women919 Words   |  4 PagesIdentities and stereotypes are followed by the person/s depending on ready-made ideas. These ideas are related to the previously known as their; customs, traditions ,cultures, religious and heritage .Until this moment stereotype is inconsequential because it’s not completely accurate since it’s based on the status quo not backed up by facts . We are all humans; there is no dif ference between blacks, whites, Arabs, or foreigners. It’s true that humans standout from each other, morality, the acquired

Case Study of Challenge Disaster- from a Risk Management...

2.0 INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Organisations nowadays face various external and internal risks such as strategic risks, operational risks, financial risk and environmental risks. Managers tend to focus on those risks with greater uncertainty like natural disasters. However, some risks also bring destructive outcome even they are predictable and controllable. The inherent risks in the management and control system are among those on the list. Because they are built-in risks of management and control system due to agency problem and asymmetric information, managers often ignore them or are unaware of their existences. The purpose of this report is to provide insight of risk management and control system in the reality from the cases study of†¦show more content†¦Such concerns, combined with weather-related worries, prompted the Thiokol engineers (headed by Robert Lund) to conduct a teleconference with managers from the Marshall and Johnson Space Centres, in order to determine whether the shuttle was safe for launch. This came just one day before the scheduled launch. In the meeting, Thiokol engineers raised their concerns that the low temperature may affect the function of O-rings and objected to the decision of launch. The NASAs managers immediately challenged their conclusion by placing them the burden of proving the O-ring failure. Under such pressure, the managers of Thiokol overturned their no-go position and giving NASA recommendation to launch. After all, the meeting was never known to the top leaders of NASA( see the organisation chart in Appendix 3). 4.0 CASE ANALYSIS 4.1 FLAWED DECISION MAKING PROCESS The flawed decision-making processes leading to the Challenger launch were a result of ineffective and inadequate communications. Lacking of moral awareness and failing to consider interests of various stakeholders were contributory factors to the failure. A closed communication climate had evolved within NASA, where free flow of information and creative thinking were generally not encouraged. Such climate was also transferred to its contractor Thiokol. A year prior to the launch, engineers in Thiokol had expressed their concern on theShow MoreRelatedViewing A Change Disaster Through Change Perspectives1372 Words   |  6 PagesViewing A Change Disaster Through Change Perspectives Introduction Poorly managed organizational change can increase risk, budgets and damage reputations. Organizational change typically educes strong emotions because change interferes with the sense of security, as well as produces feelings of uncertainty (Barabasz, 2016). Employee’s reactions to imposed change, which can range from high turnover, low morale, an assiduous reduction in productivity, to wildcat or other strikes, perplexes many leadersRead MoreDisaster Risk Reduction Should It Be Done?2918 Words   |  12 PagesQuestion: Why should disaster risk reduction be conducted in secondary school? How should it be done? Tsunami Aceh 2004 is real evidence that Indonesia needs to avoid disaster, economic, environmental and generation loss. Brown (2005), the environment correspondent for the Guardian, reported about more than 700 thousand people lost their property and jobs since local industry was damaged. He also added that there was also a big change in the whole social structure as more than 7,000 children becameRead MoreA comprehensive study on civil war: models and real cases1000 Words   |  4 PagesA comprehensive study on civil war: models and real cases The history of ethnic civil war consists of ethnic fragmentation appeared along the societal path to globalization. Over time, human enabled a comprehensive study of variables and motives in attempt to theorize a historical pattern of civil war. Two important models, one constructed by Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler, and the other by James Fearon and David Laitin, provided hypothesis of the causes of civil war based on social, economic andRead MoreComparison Paper1140 Words   |  5 Pagesinsurance premiums pose a challenge for employees and burden workers with higher health costs and lower wage increases. â€Å"The burden of rising health care costs is particularly problematic for small businesses, which tend to have much smaller pools of workers to spread risk and increasingly choose not to offer any health insurance to employees.† (Carroll, R. 2007). This paper will compare three terms risk, resources and cost, to economics and health care. Risk: Risk management is the disciplineRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1662 Words   |  7 PagesMeibner, Weidinger, 2009). The risks in most cases are contractually distributed and shared among the energy project stakeholders instead of leaving it to the owner. Some of the risks include the reputational risk, environmental risks, and the disasters experienced and which exposes the companies to the costly process of litigation. Accordingly, the oil and gas industry fails to achieve different aspects of the overall strategic business goals because of the challenges that occur in the projects undertakenRead MoreThe Economic Case For Cloud Computing1739 Words   |  7 PagesCOMPUTING SECURITY CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY By Yoshita Jumili Lawrence Technology University INT7223 Enterprise System Security Summer 2015 Dr. Terrance E. Dillard Instructor Introduction The economic case for cloud computing is compelling and at the same time there are striking challenges in its security. The concepts of cloud computing security issues are fundamentally new and intractable. 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Apart from the natural disasters like earthquake and Tsunami, there is increasing occurrence of man-made disasters including terrorist attack, oil explosion, spread of epidemics etc. In this context, disaster preparedness, response and managementRead MoreTraditional And Non Traditional Threats Of State Security1650 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerally involved the use of military forces and diplomacy to deter and oppose the threats.   While a case can be made that the military threats in this Century are as apparent as ever, it is now generally recognised that they are not the only threats that face states and the people in them. Since the end of the Cold War, in particular, most scholars readily accept that security threats can emanate from many relatively new and differing sources. Accordingly there are mounting calls for considerationsRead MoreThe Tragedy And Horror Of The Joplin Tornado1627 Words   |  7 Pagestransformed the community’s identity from a virtually-unknown place in Missouri to a symbol of the nation, a transformation further encouraged through the wording of public statements by President Obama and Governor Nixon as well as featuring Joplin on Extreme Makeover: Home Edition and other television shows. To the nation, Joplin became a place amid an undifferentiated region, except to locals, known as fly-over states. Theoretical Implications Disasters are totalizing events, impacting and influencingRead MoreRisks of a Dos Attack1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe security perspective of an e-commerce company varies based on its business model. iPremier follows a Business-to-consumer (B2C) model and the entire sales come directly through web sales i.e. online B2C transactions. Hence the IT security of iPremier should center on the protection of the customer information and needs. The Federal Reserve includes six types of risks a company could face because of an Information Technology (IT) breach, which are credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal

Personal Statement And Goal Of Creation Essay - 1941 Words

One of the most controversial topics in the Christian community has been discussed over the centuries. If God is sovereign, where does man’s responsibility lay rest in it? If the bible confirms the sovereignty of God, then one must wonder how it relates to the human’s responsibility. John 24:17 states, â€Å"Father, I desire that they also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am, to see my glory that you have given me because you loved me before the foundation of the world. One can take it to the extreme that free will presides and binds God into doing certain calls. The other side can take it to the extreme that God completely resides over everything so I don’t have to be obedient to him commanding me to proclaim the gospel and have a license to sin. In order to bring this picture to light, we must take into consideration what â€Å"free will† is and means. According to author Fred Berthold, â€Å"Indeed, the purpose and goal of creation is determined by this essential nature of God: to bring about a Kingdom of God, defined as a community in which God and his creatures freely love one another and where all creatures themselves are bound together in mutual love and justice.† As Fred Berthold had stated, this is one of the understandings of what free will love encompasses. He then further states, â€Å"Love between creatures, or between creatures and God, is genuine and of the highest value only when it is freely given by an autonomous moral agent, and virtues essential toShow MoreRelatedThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People By Stephen R Covey772 Words   |  4 Pageshabits that can change your life forever. As the title suggest, he does this by providing the reader with easy to remember statement that when explained, have a very deep meaning behind them. The Habit that this paper is going to focus on is habit 2. The paper will analyses this habit by explaining what it means, examples of people who lived with this mindset, what the authors personal experience is. In Stephen R Covey explains that Habit two’s is â€Å"Begin with the end in mind†. So, what does this meanRead MoreDefining The Strategic Principle Of Mission Statements905 Words   |  4 PagesDefine the strategic principle of: Mission Statements. As the authors Dess, McNamara, and Eisner pointed out in the text book, the mission statements is a set of organizational goals that includes the purpose of the organization, its scope of operations, and the basis of its competitive advantage. (p.26) In other words, a mission statement communicates why the firm exists and how they are going to respond to their stakeholders. In order for a mission statement be successful it has to have the following:Read MoreOrganizational Management Take Home Final882 Words   |  4 PagesEffective Planning is the creation of goals, outcomes, processes and identity of an organization. Jones and George (p.230-1) identify the steps and process of organizational planning. I am currently on the board of a brand new political group. We have filed our paperwork and started our first club this Thursday. We started our process by determining our group’s identity and focus. We spent over a month working on the mission statement. Once we had the mission statement, we created a plan for howRead MoreWhat A Mission Statement Is And What It Should Look Like Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesExamples are a great way to understand what a mission statement is and what it should look like. 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Furthermore, I am cognizant of theRead MoreTailorism and Weberism Are Two Sides of a Coin. Critically Examine the Statement1086 Words   |  5 PagesQUESTION; 1. Taylorism and weberism are two sides of a coin .Critically examine the statement. Taylorism is a concept made by Fredrick Taylor.He developed principles to increase efficiency in the work place.for example; by analyzing each task individually,he was able to find the right combinations of factors that yielded large increase in production. Weberism is a concept developed by Max Weber.He also came up with principles that ,he believed would create an organizational structure that leadsRead MoreFinancial Tools In Accounting721 Words   |  3 Pagesinclude the followings: (I) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. The three basic financial statements are; The income statement:- This accounting tool communicates information about a business financial performance by giving details and summaries of revenues less expenses over a period of time. Revenues are generated when a business offer products or services to a customer in exchange for assets. Thus if there is much generation of revenues, it reports that there is creation of income. (Siegel Yacht, 2009). Read MoreA New Look at America ´s Creation and the Founde Fathers1579 Words   |  7 Pagestake over land, profits, and political power from favorites of the British Empire. In the process, they could hold back a number of potential rebellions and create a consensus of popular support for the rule of a new, privileged leadership†, his statement holds some weight. Zinn challenges conventional thought; that the Founding Fathers were revolutionary men who wanted to usher democracy into the New World. Rather he pushes the notion that American democracy is designed the way it was, to serve theRead MoreObjectives Of A Strategic Planning Process1693 Words   |  7 PagesMany organizations look for means to meet long term goals and look for ways of planning on how to meet these long term goals. One of the most commonly used methods of planning for these goals is the strategic planning process. The strategic planning process is a process that helps organizations define their busines s objectives and looks at internal/ external situations to strategize a plan on how to implement and keep the plan on track for the organization to strive and succeed. The strategic planningRead MorePersonal Growth Is The Most Important Factor Of My Development Plan1071 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal growth is the most important factor of my development plan at my current stage in life. Due to the increased competitive nature of young up and comers I feel that I may be limited for opportunities and advancement. Creating an in-depth leadership development plan will assist me in building up on my leadership skills and abilities. Although this leadership development plan is only a guideline, the real learning process is an ongoing journey. It’s a mark of respect and fairness to include

Cdna Cloning And Sequence Analysis Essay - 1116 Words

3. Results 3.1 cDNA cloning and sequence analysis In this study, we cloned the rabbit NMU, NUM-R1 and NMU-R2 cDNA fragments using RT-PCR. Specific fragments were amplified and target gene fragment length was 443, 366 and 203 bp, respectively (Fig.1 A, B and C), consistent with the expected size of the fragment, and clear bands. These fragments were confirmed by sequencing, and the NMU, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2 sequences were submitted to GenBank (GenBank IDs: KP276160.1, KM-236787.1 and KM-236788.1). NCBI database map views program analysis showed that The rabbit NMU, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2 gene were located at chromosome 2, 3 and 1 respectively. The sequence analysis showed that rabbit NMU gene exhibited an open reading frame (ORF) of 564 nucleotides encoding 188 amino acids residues, while NMU-R1 gene included 360 nucleotides encoding 120 amino acids residues, and NMU-R2 gene included 288 nucleotides encoding 96 amino acids residues. The rabbit NMU, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2 genes sequences were 84%, 84% and 87% identical to those of the corresponding human homologues, respectively. The homology of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are compared in Table (2, 3 and 4). Multiple alignment analysis of the amino acid sequences indicated that the rabbit NMU, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2 were relatively conserved in human, mouse, cow, pig, rat and sheep (Fig. 2, 3 and 4). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NMU coding sequences are highly conserved between the related species (Fig. 5). PhylogeneticShow MoreRelatedBiological Molecules Like Nucleic Acids And Polysachharides2245 Words   |  9 Pagesstates. To know the human genome, itâ€⠄¢s really need to understand the proteome of humans. It has been concluded that from the point of view of therapeutics that the targets for major drugs are proteins instead of nucleic acids (Verrills, 2006). Protein analysis identifies changes like its expressions, protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications and sub-cellular distribution. Nowadays many different molecular techniques are being used as tools to discover and determine different biologicalRead MoreApple Scar Skin Viroid Case Study1156 Words   |  5 Pagesimprove the LAMP selectivity and promote its diagnostic use in detecting ASSVd in plants. ASSVd LAMP was accelerated by the use of loop primers and highly sensitive with a detection limit of 103 copies of ASSVd cDNA per reaction within 30 min. The real-time LAMP and melting curve analysis could differentiate between the true-positive LAMP amplicons and false-positive non-specific primer amplification products. The optimized RT-LAMP was then followe d by the addition of AuNP:polyA10-ASSVd LAMP barcodesRead MoreSugarcane ( Saccharum Spp )1158 Words   |  5 Pages2008; Gui et al. 2011), and woody plants (Allina et al. 1998; Hu et al. 1998; Harding et al. 2002) but in sugarcane it has not been cloned and charaterised till now. 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Usually, ESTs are used to identify the full length genes and serves as a target for mapping withRead MoreA Research Study On Cultured And Handled At 20. C Using Standard Methods ( Brenner ) Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesinterference RNAi depletion of cdc-25.2 in mutants of E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex genes was performed by the soaking RNAi method as previously described (Lee et al., 2016). The cdc-25.2 dsRNA was prepared by in vitro transcription using a cdc-25.2 cDNA clone, yk472b2, as the DNA template. Worms synchronized at the first larval (L1) stage were soaked into the dsRNA solution and incubated for 48 h at 20  °C. Then, the soaked animals were transferred to OP50-seeded NGM plates and allowed to grow untilRead MoreThe Viological Structure Of G-Protein Coupled Receptorss1463 Words   |  6 Pageseffectors (Lefkowitz, 2007). EXPERIMENT 2: Cloning of the gene and cDNA for mammalian ÃŽ ²-adrenergic receptor and homology with rhodopsin (Dixon RA, et al., 1986) Overview of the Experiment The ligand binding technique mentioned in experiment 1 was also used to tag and isolate receptor molecules through various stages of purification. After successfully purifying ÃŽ ²AR in solubilised form using digitonin (Lefkowitz, 2007), it was then used to clone ÃŽ ²2AR cDNA from hamsters. Methodology Constructing degenerateRead MoreExpressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) versus Serial Analysis of Gene Expression800 Words   |  4 PagesExpressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) versus Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) INTRODUCTION Expressed sequence tag or also known as EST are 200 to 800 unedited nucleotide bases in length, and randomly selected single pass sequence reads which are derived from the cDNA libraries while serial analysis of gene expression or SAGE have more shorter sequence tags with only 10 to 20 base pairs. 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Case Analysis City Of Houston Texas V. Hill

I. Name or Title: City of Houston, Texas v. Hill II. Legal Citation: 482 U.S. 451 III. Statement of Facts: A gay right’s activist was arrested for the municipal ordinance of interrupting an officer while performing their duties when officers approached his friend and he tried to sidetrack them by screaming out at them to â€Å"pick on someone their own size.† The activist brought the case to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, which then was overlooked a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. IV. Issue: Is it unconstitutionally overbroad under the First Amendment to commit a municipal ordinance by interrupting any police officer while he or she is performing their duties? V. Holding and Action: Yes. Affirmed VI. Rationale: The United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas rejected Hill’s dispute that the ordinance was unconstitutionally vague or overbroad. The court stated that it was not vague because, â€Å"the working of the ordinance is sufficiently definite to put a person of reasonable intelligence on fair notice of what actions are forbidden.† This court felt that the words used in defining the ordinance, such as, ‘interrupt,’ is adequately clear, understandable, and a very common, routine word. This was soon reversed by the Court of Appeals when they were suggested, by the city, to call a vote, which resulted in a vote of 8-7. The Court of Appeals agreed that the ordinance was not vague, butShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy2042 Words   |  9 Pagesstreet, a sniper hided in the sixth floor window in the City Library, shot President Kennedy by two bullets, one on the head one on the neck. Kennedy was declared his death after sent to the hospital in half hour later, and Lyndon Johnson became the new United States president in few hours of death of John F. Kennedy. 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Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2008, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1998, 1996 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., includingRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 Pages the RIAA’s response provoked opposition from record companies, radio and TV representatives, and musicians, who felt that the RIAA’s label amounted to censorship and an abridgement of First Amendment rights. The dispute finally shifted to Capitol Hill, where a hearing was held before the Senate Comm ittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on what by then had come to be known as the issue of porn rock. 2. 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We Are All Humans - 1829 Words

We are all humans. The same species. We were created equally, therefore we all should be treated equally until our actions make us deserve something different. If we are all humans we should never prejudge somebody because it will usually always be inaccurate. We may have many things that make us different from each other but something we all share is our humanity and the fact that we have feelings and emotions. Every human will always be unique no matter what. It doesn t matter what race they are or where they come from or what gender they are or prefer. What makes us believe that all people of one group share the same characteristic and makes us hate each other for no reason are stereotypes. Stereotypes are the source of racism. It is what makes us think that we are separated into categories and we, as humans need to overcome that. What makes us different is our personalities not what we were born with. Fortunately the new people of my generation are open minded and racism along wi th bigotry will gradually die out. One of the sources of stereotypes is in the media, especially comedy. To most people this is harmless and we will just laugh about it but to younger people they are more susceptible and naive to what the media feeds their minds. Unfortunately some children might believe a stereotype said and then they may spread that stereotype to others their age. Once these stereotypes are spread they can infect the minds of more people even if the source acknowledges itShow MoreRelatedEssay about Human Genome Project: We Are All One Race935 Words   |  4 Pagesno matter how different we all are as humans; we are just a single race. The variations that we see in everyday life are just physical differences but genetically humans are the same and â€Å"race† is term that has been used to distinguish human because of those physical differences. 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Develop and Implement Marketing Strategies- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theDevelop and Implement Marketing Strategies. Answer: PEST Analysis PEST Analysis is an abbreviation that stands for political, economic, and social and technology. The four factors affect the external environment of any business. For the companies to overcome this environment, have to strategize effectively or else they will be kicked out of the business. This is mainly because businesses do not have control of the PEST factors. For the MacVilles Company, their major PEST aspects attributable to its external environment are as discussed below; Political: The political factor is exhibited by the government regulations laws and regulations that either affect the business positively or negatively(Gupta, 2013). Businesses should take advantage of the positive political impacts and plan how to prevent or eradicate negative political factors (Rastogi Trivedi, 2016). Similarly, MacVille should optimize the removal of the tariffs on the espresso coffee machines. However, there a few critical factors facing MacVille. For example, the company must make sure it conforms to the government business laws and regulations in the new areas where it wants to expand its operations. This will help the company to avoid conflicts with the government. Secondly, there is a possibility of introducing a carbon tax that may see MacVille profits being diluted. Economic: Economic factor is one of the major PEST factors that businesses have to put into consideration(Koumparoulis, 2013). It will not matter whether the company is at kick-off stage or how long it has been in operation. If the company is faced by the economic constraint that falls beyond its ability there is a high probability of the company to suffer loss and eventually end up closing(Issa, 2010). On the other side, if the business is experiencing favorable economic environment there is a likelihood to enjoy higher profits, experience growth and development and expands to other regions(Yksel, 2012). MacVille appears to face both favorable, unfavorable economic business environment. Favorably, there are huge expectations that the economy will grow as result of the resources boom. Secondly, there are monetary and fiscal plans to strengthen the Australian dollar against that its trading partners. Recently, there has been a trend of the rising Australian dollar. This has had a nega tive impact on the tourism industry, a sector that the MacVille relies on to thrive in the market. Finally, the anticipated interest rates increase are likely to affect the disposable income available for the company customers. Social-cultural: The social culture of the target customers largely determines the nature and the type of the customer that the company will sell in the market. If the product appears to interfere, mock or against the culture or religion of the target customers, then it becomes useless introducing it in the market(Koumparoulis, 2013). It will be easy for the MacVille to introduce its product in the new market because Australians and majority of the international tourists in Sydney likes having an evening coffee. Therefore, the coffee culture in Sydney seems to favor MacVille business operations in the region. Secondly, there is growing culture where people tend to eat out more frequently as they age. Third, there is a predicted steady growth of the Australian population up to 36 million people by 2050. The social set up in the Australia business environment offers MacVille with a lucrative opportunity to enter in the coffee industry. Technology: In the modern business world, companies are thriving in technology. If the company is unable to adopt the latest technology, it might find itself being kicked out of the business (Rastogi Trivedi, 2016). Technology is a changing factor and therefore what was termed as the best technology in the industry two years ago it may be an obsolete technology today. MacVille has taken advantage of the latest technology in two ways. First, the company has taken advantage of home espresso machine that will help it ease its business operations. Secondly, the company will integrate Management Information System (MIS) to help its management and staff in executing all company business operations effectively. For example, the planned Management Information System will assist the company to carry out corporate and strategic planning that are aligned with strong internal controls in the department of accounting and finance. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis which is an abbreviation for business strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involves the evaluation of the company or industrys internal and external environment. Strengths and weakness are attributable to the internal environment of the business while opportunities and threats fall in the external environment of the business. The MacVille internal and external environment based on the SWOT analysis will appear as follows; Strengths: Ideally, the strength aspect comprises of the competitive advantages that the company can use to establish and maintain its operations in the market. The company will maximize its strengths to grow and develop and expand its business operations(Osita, Onyebuchi, Justina, 2014). MacVille is endowed with some strengths. First, the company enjoys strong strategies of marketing its sales. The application of the social marketing has largely helped MacVille in the development of the company marketing communication and promotion mix. Additionally, the company has taken advantage of the modern technology to reduce its marketing costs by largely relying on the internet. Secondly, the company enjoys a strong reputation in the field of service marketing. In the past, the company has been appropriately dealing with the customers complaint effectively. Besides, the after sale services have earned the company the strong image in the eyes of the general public. Weaknesses: This aspect involves the problems that can hamper the progress of the company(Valentin, 2015). The MacVille business operations face significant problems. First. The inbound logistics are underperforming due to lack of the experienced and qualified personnel. As a result, the delivery times have sometimes been violated, and the human resource management of the company appears to lack the solution. Secondly, the outbound logistics of the company calls for improvement. Currently, MacVille depends on the delivery firm to transport goods to their customers. It is noted that most of the times there are delays in the delivery of products and hence compromising the customers expected quality. Opportunities: These are the areas which the company pursues to grow and develop its business operations(Valentin, 2015). MacVille has an opportunity to expand its business to the new Sydney market. This region has a huge market of espresso machines, and again the major competitor of MacVille has withdrawn from the Sydney market. Secondly, MacVille can enter into strategic alliances with the bean suppliers to ease market penetration and reduce the costs of advertising. Finally, MacVille can obtain its objectives by entering into strategic alliances with the tenders providing and building home espresso machines. Threats: These are the risks that are likely to hinder the company business operations in the event of their occurrence(Valentin, 2015). The greatest threat is offered by Nufix Inc. The Nufix Inc. is shifting from instant coffees to the espresso bean and machine market. The Nufix Inc. action is expected to offer fierce competition to MacVille. Secondly, BeanEx is also a threat to MacVille. BeanEx is a major coffee supplier, but recently it has started importing espresso machines for their customers. Besides, BeanEx has penetrated the marketing through its coffee bean trade. The entry in the market by BeanEx is expected to offer the greatest challenge to MacVille espresso machine business. There is also the threat that can be availed by the rising Australian dollar that can have a negative impact on tourism. Review of Existing and Potential Competitors and Allies Nufix Inc.: This is a MacVille potential competitor. It has had an experience in the coffee bean market (strength) but not an espresso machines market (weakness) BeanEx: It is a MacVille potential competitor. The company has had a penetration of the coffee bean market before (strength) but lacks experience on the espresso machines market (weakness). Home Espresso Machines: Concentrates its espresso machine market in Sydney only (strength). It is working with the strategic partner who is not largely focused on hospitality industry (weakness). Ambrosia Coffee Roast: Largely committed to the coffee bean industry (strength). The company is unable to protect its intellectual property, and it does not put more emphasis on product quality (weakness). Java Estate: Solely committed to hospitality and coffee bean market (strength). There is a likelihood for other coffee suppliers to advice MacVille against entering into strategic alliance with this strong strategic alliance (weakness). Potential Allies Summary Statement Home Espresso Machines Sells consumer espresso machines in Sydney only. In addition, it incorporates other digital home entertainment products. Carries out four trade shows per year. The company can sell ten machines per show and arrive at break even after selling only two shows. Each show will contribute to the profit $10,000 per year. The partner is not meeting its financial commitment. Ambrosia Coffee Roast Sell all the coffee bean grades to supermarkets in Australia as well as hospitality outlets around the country. Shares the cost of outdoor advertising. Can serve fifty cafes per year and reach break-even after 20 cafes. Profit for the year is $15,000. Java Estate To sell quality Arabica roasted coffee beans to all states of Australia. Provides espresso machines to their customers for free. It pays for the MacVilles delivery, and installation of the machines cost price. The remainder of the purchase price is paid on 12-month repayment program. 200 machines can be installed in the first year and reach the break-even point after 80 machines. Profit per year is $100,000. References Gupta, A. (2013). Environment PEST Analysis: An Approach to External Business Environment. International Journal of Modern Social Sciences, 2, 34-43. Issa, T. (2010). Sustainable Business Strategies and PESTEL Framework. International Journal on Computing, 1(1), 73-79. Koumparoulis, D. N. (2013). PEST Analysis: The case of E-shop. International Journal of Economy, Management, and Social Sciences, 2(2), 31-36. Osita, I. C., Onyebuchi, I., Justina, N. (2014). Organization's stability and productivity: the role of SWOT analysis an acronym for strength, weakness, opportunities, and threat. International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2(9), 23- 32. Rastogi, N., Trivedi, M. K. (2016). PESTLE Technique A Tool to Identify External Risks in Construction Projects. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3(1), 384-388. Valentin, E. K. (2015). Away With SWOT Analysis: Use Defensive/Offensive Evaluation Instead. The Journal of Applied Business Research Spring, 21(2), 91-105. Yksel, ?. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTLE Analysis. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 52-66.

Wealth Maximization And Payback Period - Free Sample Solution

Question: Part A Critically evaluate and analyse the differing ways in which the shareholders of a company can encourage its managers to act in a way that is consistent with the objective of maximization of shareholder wealth. Are You Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Avail Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. In this section students should demonstrate knowledge, understanding, and an ability to critically evaluate the importance of agency theory, and the role it plays within financial management. The response should draw upon the differing techniques that can be used by shareholders to reduce the agency problem that is faced within many businesses. A critical evaluation of relevant academic literature should be performed, providing clear evidence of wider reading within this topical area of research, rather than simply describing the core concepts. Attempting to evaluate within the context of real-life examples where shareholders have actively attempted to address agency problems would assist in developing the depth of response offered. Part B In practice financial managers use a variety of differing investment appraisal techniques upon assessing the viability of potential capital investment projects. Critically compare and contrast two investment appraisal techniques, one of which must be a discounted cash flow technique that would assist within the financial management decision-making process. In this section students should demonstrate knowledge and understanding of two investment appraisal techniques used by financial managers, how they can inform future projects, what limits their ability to guide investment, and which technique you would prefer (with reasons). The response should demonstrate evidence of wider reading and application of the chosen techniques within a real-life business context, supported through relevant empirical research. Real-life examples can be drawn from differing countries, industries and individual businesses, clearly identifying whether the investment appraisal techniques chosen are applied in practice. The inclusion of relevant numerical examples to develop the response further would be advantageous although should not form the main thrust of the work. Answer: Introduction Shareholders are the owners of the company. They contributed a significant part of the capital by which a company can operate its business. They take all the risks associated with the company. So it is the duty of the company to provide them adequate rewards. On the other hand investors can only willing to invest in a companys share from which he can able to get a good return. The following study is based on these two objectives where it is shown how the wealth maximization goal is achieved and how the project appraisal techniques can be used to evaluate the returns of the shareholders (Shim, Siegel and Dauber 2008). Part A Wealth maximization Wealth maximization is an important term used in financial management. The term wealth means the value of the shareholders, so its does not only consider the profit earned by the company. We know shareholders are the owner of the company and they get dividends at the end of the year depending on the performance and profit of the company. The problem is that the profit which have earned today by the company have no certainty that it will be earn tomorrow also so the main concern of the shareholder is always to maximize the value of his share so that he is able to sell his share and will have a capital gain. This process is called wealth maximization. It can be better described by a simple example. Say a shareholder purchased a share of company at $ 4 in 2006 and was getting continuous dividend. In the year 2015 the value of that share rise to $18 and the shareholder sell the share at that price. So he will have a capital gain of $ 14 which arises because of his wealth maximizes from $ 4 to $ 14. Wealth maximization occurs when shareholders have confidence about the rising of the price of the shares (Welch, 2010). Agency theory As per the entity concept of accounting it is said that the company and its owner have separate legal entity (Heracleous and Lan, 2011). It was also decided in a famous case study Salamon Vs Salamon Co that the existence of Salamon Company as a sole trader and later as a partnership business is separate. So in case of company also the entity of managers and owners are separate and from this relationship between owner and manager the agency theory is evolved (Agency Theory, Information, and Incentives, 2015). This theory says that the relationship between managers and owners is like the principal and agent and as per the law an agent means a person used to affect a contract between their principal and a third party. This theory is based on the following assumptions (Forbes-Pitt, 2011) - In agency relationship persons have rational behavior and they are always willing to maximize their personal utility. This implies that the persons are only concerned about how their individual goal can be satisfied. The utility gaining by the principal for providing services, information is same as or equal to the utility achieved by the agents in receiving benefits. The company creates a link between contracts and the activities must be conducted as per of those contracts. Problems with the agency theory The agency theory has several problems which are discussed as follows- In this theory the main importance is given on the individual interest by ignoring the collective interest (Brammer, 2005). As we know that an organization should have such objectives which will help it to achieving the organizational goals. For this purpose all the parties in the organization must have proper communication and same level of interest. In practical situation it is often observed that the interest of these two parties namely management and owner are separate. Management are only concentrating in decision making activities which may increase their profit but they may be less bothered about the wealth maximization goal as they have no share in dividends (Levante, 2007). Again the problem can arise when the risk taking attitude of the parties are different. The owners might have an opinion that the company should invest in high risky project in order to get higher return but the management may reluctant to do so as they will be accountable for taking extra risk and with the addition they will not get any reward for this. On the other hand owner can prefer debt financing as it will increase their return but management may not agree with this decision as this will increase their fixed financial obligations (Dickinson and Villeval, 2008). Techniques for resolving agency problems For resolving agency problems mentioned above several techniques are suggested. One of the most important techniques among this is the effective corporate governance. Hermes, an institutional fund manager had developed 12 principles which can be applied to any company for reconcile the profit maximization and wealth maximization objectives (Jiraporn et al., 2008) ; (Yahanpath and Joseph, 2011). Transparency and Communication Principle 1 Each and every company should disclose accurate and timely information to all its parties, owners and management so that any miscommunication between these parties can be avoided. Feedback from all the concerned parties is equally acceptable. Corporate culture Principle 2 A strong internal culture should be established which will help in value creation of the members. Here the employees can be trained to get accustomed with the organization and arrangements can be made for delegating responsibilities and evaluation of the performance should be made (Chuang, 2014). Principle 3 The company should developed effective corporate strategies for each of their business units and by keeping in mind their target customers. Principle 4 The company should maximize its sustainable operating performance which is in their existing business. A proper acquisition should be incorporated before some new acquisition decisions can be taken. Principle 5 All companies should ensure that the investment plans must passed through feasibility studies and only that kind of investments are given preference which maximizes the long term wealth of the shareholders. Risk management Principle 6 When a company is taking a long project for long term benefit of the shareholders then it is obvious that the management should have assessed the risk properly. The Board of Directors must have effective risk management tools. Principle 7 The company should have a capital structure which will reduce the long term cost of capital. Debt financing is cheaper than the equity financing but involves higher obligations so it is the decision which can be taken on the basis of the financial ability of the company. If the capital structure is not as per the requirements then it should be reconsidered. Environment, Stakeholders and Social issues Principle 8 Company should build effective relationship with all the parties who have an interest on the company like suppliers, customers, government, employees etc. Principle 9 For long term sustainability of the business the company should manage the environmental and social factors which give an impact on the business. A business is the part of the large society so it is the primary responsibility of a company to do some betterment for the society. Principle 10 A company has a large number of shareholders. Though they are the owner of the company but it is not possible for all of them to participate in the management of the organization so a Board of directors is nominated by them who manage the affairs of the business but when the company is taking some decisions for restructuring of capital structure or acquisition etc teen it must allow the shareholders before taking the decisions. Principle 11 The Board of Directors should guide the company with diverse range of competencies, experience and enable the company to carry its duties, responsibilities. Sometimes there are different approaches are used, a proper explanation for that should be given by the management to its shareholders. Principle 12 The company should design its remuneration structure and remuneration policies adequately and implement those timely. Real life examples on agency problems Barclays bank plc In this company the main conflict arises between the management and the shareholders because The company declared a 2.4 billion bonus shares in spite of 34% fall in profit. The company plan to cut 12000 jobs in year 2014. Management makes an argument with the shareholders that the bonus increase is necessary. The shareholders are afraid about this bonus issue because the company had a poor financial history. Tesco plc This company has also faces some agency problem recently which affects their value of the shares (Hargreaves Lansdown, 2015). Tescos market share fall from 29.9% to 29.1% in 2014. In late 2014 Tesco admitted that they were making a misstatement of their profits by 263 million as a result of which the shareholders get disappointed. The company failed to give information to the suppliers timely and they were cancelling their deals. While the investigation is going on eight executives were suspended with pay and the cost of the company increased. The share price again falls by 44% and the shareholders wealth getting affected very badly. They closed down their 43 shops and thousands of job cut occurred. But the shareholders do not lose their hopes fully. They again began to start believing the company and it is reflected by the recent share price movements as it is again started to increase. Part B Contrast and Comparison between Payback period and Net present value Net present value and Payback period A contrast and comparison of the discounted cash flow technique and another technique of investment appraisal has been made. The discounted cash flow technique that has been used for the study is the net present value. The other cash flow technique that has been used for the study is the payback period (Bragg, 2011). The discounted cash flow technique is one of the investment appraisal techniques that evaluate the attractiveness of the investment opportunity. The future free cash flow projections are analyzed in the technique of discounted cash flow and they are discounted in order to arrive at the present value (Connor, 2006). This is done for the evaluation of the potential investment opportunity. On analysis of the projects via the discounted cash flow technique the value of the project where the DCF analysis is higher than the current cost of the investment is chosen. Net present value calculation is one of the major discounted cash flow techniques. It calculates the sum of the present value of the cash flows. The inflows and the outflows of the project are discounted at the present value. The process of calculation of the net present value is a very simple technique and it is straight forward in nature (Goel, 2015). On the other hand payback period is one of the capital budgeting techniques that refers to the time period that is required to recoup the funds that has been invested. This is necessary technique to achieve the breakeven point. However, the payback period does not take into consideration the time value of money (Heysel and Filion, 2014). Dissimilarities between the net present value technique and payback period The net present value method is a dynamic technique of investment appraisal. It is a discounted cash flow technique. The technique is calculated using the technique of time value of money. The profitability from the project will be assessed on calculation of the return from the capital that has been invested. It is achieved under the assumption of the discount rate. The investment proposals whose net present value is zero will have the same return as that of the alternative investment. The investment with net present value greater than zero than the alternative techniques of investment will achieve an increase in the capital. The investment with net present value less than zero will have worse return than the alternative techniques of investment and the investment may not be able to achieve the capital expenses. The net present value method is considered as a process for the assessment of the investment techniques. It is also used as a tool for the assessment of the investment techni que by comparing it with the alternative techniques. The capital value can be interpreted in terms of monetary units by using the net present value technique (Holland and Torregrosa, 2008). The major advantage of this method is that it uses the discounted rates. On the other hand the payback period can be considered as the static investment appraisal method. The period is determined that is required to get back the capital that has been invested. This is achieved via the repayments. The investment that has the shortest period of pack back is considered as the best investment decision and it is the most advantageous decision. The payback decision is an important technique for comparison between the various alternatives. The comparison between the various alternatives can be done using the technique of payback period. The absolute risk from the investment can be determined by using the technique of payback period (Kalyebara and Islam, 2013). There are large organizations where there is specific target that is set for the investment to get recouped. The payback period can be calculated using the average method or it can be calculated using the cumulative method. However the investment decision entirely on the basis of the payback period can lea d to results that are misleading in nature. The cash flows that are considered during the amortization period are considered in the calculation of the payback period. Thus there are various discrepancies associated with the technique of payback period. Thus it must not be considered as the sole technique for the calculation of the payback period (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2011). Limitation of the Net present value and Payback period technique The net present value technique takes into consideration, the cash flows which are both positive and negative for conducting the project at present and in the future. The future cash flows that will be generated are discounted in order to reflect that the future inflows of cash are worth for the present day. The future cash flows are adjusted using the discount rate that takes into consideration the inflation rate. The cost of capital is taken into consideration. The present values of the cash flows that are negative and positive in nature are added to calculate the net present value. The project will be accepted when the net present value is positive while it is rejected when the net present value is negative. While making decisions between various projects, the project with high net present value is selected (McSweeney, 2006). The payback period does not taken into consideration the inflation rate and the cost of capital. The purchasing power of money declines with time. This is not considered by the payback period. On the other hand the major drawback of the net present value method is that it is based on assumptions. The estimation of the discount rate is based on assumptions. Thus the calculation may not be accurate. The analysis of the investment decision using the net present value technique is accurate than the payback period. Thus it is more feasible technique than the payback period (Naumov, 2013). Practical examples of application of net present value and payback period Net present value In the year 2012, Kotak Mahindra Bank had acquired the non performing portfolio of the Barclays bank in India. The credit card business was acquired by the organization. The decision taken by Kotak Mahindra Bank to acquire the assets of Barclays Bank was a result of analysis of the profitability from the project. In such situation, the discounted cash flow technique plays a major role. The portfolio that has been acquired by Kotak has an estimation of around Rs 300 crore and the acquisition is of 200,000 cards. The present value of the inflow over the years has been considered. The outflows that will occur as a result of this acquisition have been taken into consideration. The three possibilities that can arise as a result of the investment decision have been discussed. The three possibilities can be either zero, positive or negative. The acquisition has been possible as it has produced positive results. If the present value of the inflow of cash is less than the present value of the outflow of cash then the project would have been rejected (Park, 2013). Another example can be cited to show the application of net present value. Fine Electonics Company is considering purchasing equipment that will be attached with the main manufacturing machine of the company. The cost of the equipment will be $6000 and there will be an increase in the annual cash flow by $2200. The life of the project will be 6 years. However the machine will have no salvage value. A 20% return on the investments in expected. The net present value of the investment project has been computed. The feasibility of the investment decision has been analyzed. Item Years Amount of cash flow 20% cost of capital Present value of the cash inflow Annual inflow of cash 1-6 $2200 3.33 $7317 Initial investment $6000 ($6000) Net present value $1317 Since in this case the net present value is $1317, the project will be accepted. Payback period Payback period for different projects can be analyzed for the selection of the project which will give the highest return. For example, among two projects B and C that have identical inflow of cash, the project C is considered as the cash inflow from this project is $60,000. The project C is able to recoup the invested capital within shorter period of time than the project B. The payback period is sophisticated tool for making investment decisions in the organization. The investment opportunities can be analyzed by using this tool (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2002). Conclusion The paper has analyzed the importance of the agency theory and the role played by the theory in taking major decisions of financial management. The ways in which the agency problem can be reduced significantly has been discussed. The agency problem of Tesco and Barclays Bank has been analyzed and the feasible solution to the problems has been studied. The various investment appraisal techniques have been studied. A comparison and contrast between the net present value method and the payback period technique has been studied. Among the two investment appraisal technique the net present value method is a better investment appraisal technique as it analyses the projects using time value of money. On the other hand the payback period does not consider the time value of money which is one of the major discrepancies of the technique. References Agency Theory, Information, and Incentives. (2015). . Bragg, S. (2011). The new CFO financial leadership manual. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Brammer, S. (2005). Profit maximisation vs. agency: an analysis of charitable giving by UK firms.Cambridge Journal of Economics, 29(4), pp.517-534. Chuang, K. (2014).FINANCIALadvisors, financial crisis, and shareholder wealth in bank mergers.GlobalFINANCEJournal, 25(3), pp.229-245. Connor, T. (2006). Net present value: blame the workman not the tool. Strat. Change, 15(4), pp.197-204. Dickinson, D. and Villeval, M. (2008). Does monitoring decrease work effort?.Games and Economic Behavior, 63(1), pp.56-76. Forbes-Pitt, K. (2011).The assumption of agency theory. London: Routledge. Goel, S. (2015). Capital Budgeting. Business Expert Press. Hargreaves Lansdown, (2015).Tesco plc dividend payments | TSCO dividends. [online] Available at: https://www.hl.co.uk/shares/shares-search-results/t/tesco-plc-ordinary-5p/dividends [Accessed 7 Jul. 2015]. Heracleous, L. and Lan, L. (2011). Agency Theory, Institutional Sensitivity, and Inductive Reasoning: Towards a Legal Perspective.Journal of Management Studies, 49(1), pp.223-239. Heysel, C. and Filion, Y. (2014). Estimating the Payback Period of In-line Micro Turbines with Analytical Probabilistic Models. Procedia Engineering, 70, pp.815-822. Holland, J. and Torregrosa, D. (2008). Capital budgeting. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office. Jiraporn, P., Miller, G., Yoon, S. and Kim, Y. (2008). Is earnings management opportunistic or beneficial? An agency theory perspective.International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(3), pp.622-634. Kalyebara, B. and Islam, S. (2013). Corporate Governance, Capital Markets, and Capital Budgeting. Dordrecht: Springer. Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J. and Kieso, D. (2011). Accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Levante, M. (2007). Victory or Profit Maximisation?.FINANCE Bien Commun, 26(1), p.48. McSweeney, B. (2006). Net present value: the illusion of certainty. Strat. Change, 15(1), pp.47-51. Naumov, A. (2013). ON ACCURACY OF PROJECT'S PAYBACK PERIOD ESTIMATES. Theoretical Applied Science, 5(09), pp.95-99. Park, C. (2013). Fundamentals of engineering economics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2002). Capital budgeting. New York, NY: Wiley. Shim, J., Siegel, J. and Dauber, N. (2008).Corporate controller's handbook ofFINANCIALmanagement 2008-2009. Chicago, IL: CCH. Welch, S. (2010). When Wealth Management Met 2008: Now What ?.The Journal of Wealth Management, 12(4), pp.31-45. Yahanpath, N. and Joseph, T. (2011). A brief review of the role of shareholder wealth maximisation and other factors contributing to the globalFINANCIALcrisis.Qualitative Research in FinancialMARKETS, 3(1), pp.64-77. Zhang, M., Huang, L. and Cai, Y. (2012). Forecast on Payback Period of Restaurant Projects Investment by Computer Simulation. AMR, 446-449, pp.3782-3786.

Maker Of Mining And Construction Equipment â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Maker Of Mining And Construction Equipment? Answer: Introducation For over 90 years now, Caterpillar Inc. is enjoying continued progress in helping its customers regarding development of infrastructure, natural resource and energy assets. It is the leading maker of mining and construction equipment, diesel-electric locomotives, industrial gas turbines and natural gas diesel engines. The company is experiencing high profits but they are also facing employee dissatisfaction from a long time (Caterpillar, 2017). An issue emerges when there is a gap between employee expectations and the actual state of affairs. It is critical to determine the issues arising from the situation encountered by this company. In this aspect, a flexible, considerate and knowledgeable leader is imperative to steer the organization out of this trouble. Employing the integrative framework to understand and apply OB, the below-mentioned outcomes have been recognized which were not attained in this case. On an individual level Well-being/flourishing One of the primary goals of any business is to elevate its bottom line. However, low productivity, turnover and absenteeism cost businesses billions of dollars every year (Edwards, 2010). The wages of workers in Caterpillar are meagre. Even the union strikes were not able to give them their rights back. Majority of the workers have complaints that while the company is flourishing and recording huge profits, no reward is being transferred their way, in fact, their condition is only deteriorating. Citizenship behaviour Citizenship behaviours are discretionary, individual actions taken by employees who are beyond their job description. Employees who have a sense of citizenship will go beyond the ordinary because of their personal motivation to perform well for the betterment of the company (Cropanzano and Stein, 2009). Caterpillar has certainly not been able to invoke any such behaviour in its employees because the CEO is too engrossed in elevating only his salary and the companys profit levels while giving nothing in return to the employees who have worked so hard. Survival is the only motivation for people working there. When the company does not provide any future growth opportunities, how can its workers be expected to work for the future? When there are no rewards in the present, even the benefits and compensation they used to get have decreased, then employees cannot focus on the long term. On the group level Leadership There are not many business functions more vulnerable to a credibility lacuna than the manner in which executives approach corporate life. A feeling of disbelief emerges when managers show that they are making decisions in reasonable terms while most participants and observers are aware that politics and personalities play an instrumental part. There should have been sound leadership on a group level in Caterpillar. Strong leadership is capable of channelizing employee energy in the correct direction (Zoogah and Beugre, 2012). However, in Caterpillar, the leadership of the managers was not sufficient enough to keep the workers morale high. The middle management overemphasized cost cutting programs which further deteriorated workers condition. Not only this, even the union leadership was not strong enough, and the workers had to accept terms that were way below the standard. On the Organizational level Employer of choice To become an employer of choice implies that job aspirants are keen to work for you, due to which others envy your staff and the company receives spontaneous resumes and that the high potential employees remain with the company for the major part of their careers. Individuals are considered to be idol employer of choice when their employees record high levels of satisfaction and want to keep working for their them. Such companies provide consistent opportunities for both professional and personal growth alon with job security and a friendly workplace environment (Bach and Edwards, 2013). Caterpillar certainly does not appear to be an employer of choice. Its employees, both existing and former, have negative things to say about the company. The only reason of staying within the organization is survival. There is no other intrinsic or extrinsic motivation for continuing to work with Caterpillar. The most pressing problem in the case is of leadership. Leadership builds the foundation of a good company. If the foundation is weak, the edifice is bound to collapse. Leaders are the most important resource in any firm. It is general perception that organizations are competing on the basis of their technology or products however, they also compete based on their leaders. Good leaders develop talented people, and the combination presents better workforce which create ultimate value for business. Factors like employee de-motivation, dissatisfaction, absenteeism, high attrition are all linked to ineffective leadership (Kish-Gephart, Harrison Trevino, 2010). Understanding The Problem It is critical to recognize the causes which resulted in these issues. The causes which led to the above-mentioned problems must be identified in order to eliminate them so that the company does not face the same problems again in future. Person factors leading to the problems Personal attitudes and behaviour The CEO of the company and other individuals in leadership position seem to have a very domineering attitude. They do not think of their employees at all and are only interested in personal gains. Listening to workers as frequently as possible is highly imperative in developing a faithful and loyal team. All people need to be part of the bigger picture and process. Listening and interacting with the workers is something which the CEO of Caterpillar and other managers do not entertain. In addition to this, the CEO does not believe in being completely transparent and honest with his people. There is no reason why he should not be transparent (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2014). His employees will only appreciate comprehending the exact position of the company. As there is no transparency, workers are distrustful. This is clearly evident from the responses of the workers where they state that the firm is making profits, but no rewards are coming their way. Th e CEO also lacks empathy toward his people as he is so ruthless in laying off workers for the sake of making more money. The CEO clearly has no interest in leadership development. Educating and building a progression plan for the employees is one thing that must never be neglected (French and Spears, 2011). However, the attitude of the CEO is such that he is only concerned about his power, position and salary. Environmental factors leading to the problem More Supply than Demand The market scenario of the industry is such that there are five candidates available to replace one. With such excessive supply of talent pool, the company is not concerned about retaining its existing employees. Moreover, it is in a strong position to negotiate its terms. Evidently, Caterpillar was able to tough out a strike at its Illinois plant, and all the workers had to agree to a six-year wage freeze and reduced benefits. The market condition gives the CEO the power to dictate his terms and lay off anyone as per his wish (Schermerhorn et al., 2011). He can also get more people at reduced wage rate which places him in a very advantageous position and his workers in a disadvantageous place. Concepts and Theories relevant to solving problem The CEO Oberhelman should try to understand and apply leadership principles for addressing the problem. He certainly needs to change his attitude and approach toward dealing with his people. Servant leadership is one of the concepts that can be applied here. A servant leader is known to share power, placing the needs of his people first and helping them grow and perform as high as possible (Griffin and Moorhead, 2013). When leaders and managers shift their perspectives and serve first, they unlock ingenuity and purpose in the people around them leading to higher performance and motivated employees. Situational leadership theory can also be applied in the present context. Oberhelmans leadership style must match with the requirements of the situation. ERG theory of motivation is also applicable here. The CEO can tie performance with rewards and incentives to keep his people satisfied and enthusiastic (French, 2011). Recommendations Leadership Development The CEO must issue a policy under which leaders at all hierarchical levels will create a proper growth plan for their subordinates. Having an education and growth path will not just increase worker motivation and retention but will also make a competitive and smarter team. Leadership pipelines must be developed at all levels. The focus should be to educate and retain employees rather than incessant layoffs (Hiriyappa, 2009). Rewarding both individual and team performance Reward and recognition serve as a great motivator for employees. When they see their good performance is being rewarded, they will strive to work harder. The CEO must devise a real incentive and benefit plan. This way it can also attain the position of Employer of Choice (Zoogah and Beugre, 2012). Conclusion To conclude, the main problems identified for Caterpillar are poor leadership and employee dissatisfaction. The causes of these problems are designated as the attitude and leadership style of the CEO and other managers who focus only on their interests and do not pay attention to the development of their employees. The ways to improve this situation have been recognized as the CEO adopting servant leadership style and rewarding both individual and team performances. References Cropanzano, R. and Stein, J., 2009. Organizational Justice and Behavioral Ethics: Promises and Prospects. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19, pp.193-233. Edwards, M., 2010. An integrative review of employer branding and OB theory. Personnel Review, 39(1), pp.5-23. Bach, S. and Edwards, M., 2013. Managing Human Resources: Human Resource Management in Transition. John Wiley and Sons. Zoogah, D. and Beugre, C., 2012. Managing Organizational Behavior in the African Context. Routledge. Caterpillar. 2017. About Caterpillar. [Online]. Available through: https://www.caterpillar.com/en/company.html. [Accessed on 12th September 2017]. Kish-Gephart, J. J., Harrison, D. A., Trevino, L. K. (2010). Bad apples, bad cases, and bad barrels: Meta-analytic evidence about sources of unethical decisions at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, pp. 95, 1-31. Wagner, J. and Hollenbeck, J., 2014. Organizational Behavior: Securing Competitive Advantage. Routledge. Schermerhorn, J., Osborn, R., Bien, M. and Hunt, J., 2011. Organizational Behaviors. John Wiley Sons. Griffin, R. and Moorhead, G., 2013. Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Cengage Learning. Hiriyappa, B., 2009. Organizational Behavior. New Age International. French, R., 2011. Organizational Behavior. John Wiley Sons. French, S. and Spears, L., 2011. The Spirit of Servant-leadership. Paulist Press.